Clinical recommendation	Evidence rating	References
Screening for anemia in high-risk infants and toddlers is recommended; universal screening is not.	B	9, 18, 19
If anemia is consistent with iron deficiency in a child six to 36 months of age with low mean corpuscular volume and elevated red blood cell distribution width, it is reasonable to try oral iron therapy for one month before additional diagnostic testing.	C	9, 18, 23
Iron deficiency anemia should be treated with oral iron therapy.	C	9, 18
Iron deficiency (with or without anemia) is associated with negative behavioral and cognitive effects that may not be reversible.	C	28–33
To prevent iron deficiency anemia, adequate dietary iron intake should be ensured in infants older than six months, and cow's milk should be limited to 16 to 24 oz per day in children older than 12 months.	C	9, 22