Diagnostic category	Approximate prevalence*
Functional (nonulcer) dyspepsia	Up to 70 percent
Peptic ulcer disease	15 to 25 percent
Reflux esophagitis	5 to 15 percent
Gastric or esophageal cancer	< 2 percent
Abdominal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer	Rare
Biliary tract disease	Rare
Carbohydrate malabsorption (lactose, sorbitol, fructose, mannitol)	Rare
Gastroparesis	Rare
Hepatoma	Rare
Infiltrative diseases of the stomach (Crohn disease, sarcoidosis)	Rare
Intestinal parasites (Giardia species, Strongyloides species)	Rare
Ischemic bowel disease	Rare
Medication effects (Table 3)	Rare
Metabolic disturbances (hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia)	Rare
Pancreatitis	Rare
Systemic disorders (diabetes mellitus, thyroid and parathyroid disorders, connective tissue disease)	Rare