Clinical clues		Suggested diagnoses
Dysuria		Urinary tract infection, interstitial cystitis (pelvic pain syndrome), vaginitis, prostatitis
Fevers, chills		Nonspecific response to infection or inflammation
Frequency		High fluid intake, urinary tract infection, bladder spasms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hyperglycemia
Hematuria		Kidney stones, uroepithelial or prostatic tumors, urinary tract infection, renal glomerular disease
Nausea, vomiting		Nonspecific response to pain, intestinal or urinary obstruction, gastrointestinal disease
Pain and tenderness
	Abdominal	Kidney stones, gastrointestinal disease
	Flank	Kidney stones, musculoskeletal inflammation or spasm, referred pain from gallbladder (on right side), pyelonephritis
	Groin or pelvic	Kidney or bladder stones, urethritis, prostatitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic pain syndrome