Hand

Pain on range of motion

Hypertrophic changes at distal and proximal interphalangeal joints (Heberden nodes and Bouchard nodes; Figure 1)

Tenderness over carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Shoulder

Pain on range of motion

Limitation of range of motion, especially external rotation

Crepitus on range of motion

Knee

Pain on range of motion

Joint effusion

Crepitus on range of motion

Presence of popliteal cyst (Baker cyst)

Lateral instability

Valgus or varus deformity

Hip

Pain on range of motion

Pain in buttock

Limitation of range of motion, especially internal rotation

Foot

Pain on ambulation, especially at first metatarsophalangeal joint

Limited range of motion of first metatarsophalangeal joint, hallux rigidus

Hallux valgus deformity

Spine

Pain on range of motion

Limitation of range of motion

Lower extremity sensory loss, reflex loss, motor weakness caused by nerve root impingement

Pseudoclaudication caused by spinal stenosis