Infection	Source patient's disease status	Status of exposed person	Regimen
Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B surface antigen positive	Unvaccinated	A single dose of hepatitis B immune globulin, 0.06 mL per kg IM within 24 hours of exposure, followed by hepatitis B vaccine series
		Previously vaccinated with documented inadequate response*	A single dose of hepatitis B immune globulin, 0.06 mL per kg IM within 24 hours of exposure, followed by hepatitis B vaccine booster
		Previously vaccinated, nonresponder*	A single dose of hepatitis B immune globulin, 0.06 mL per kg IM within 24 hours of exposure, followed by hepatitis B vaccine series
				or
			Hepatitis B immune globulin, 0.06 mL per kg IM twice within 24 hours of exposure, for individuals who did not respond to two vaccine series
		Previously vaccinated with adequate response†	None
Hepatitis C virus	Anti–hepatitis C virus positive with detectable hepatitis C virus RNA	Hepatitis C seronegative	None available
HIV	Positive HIV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, confirmed by Western blot	Low-risk exposure: superficial injury, solid needle, and most mucocutaneous exposures with low-risk source (asymptomatic HIV infection or known undetectable HIV viral load)	Within 72 hours of exposure for four weeks:
			Tenofovir (300 mg once daily) with emtricitabine (Emtriva; 200 mg once daily); combination drug available as Truvada (300/200-mg tablet once daily)
				or
			Zidovudine (Retrovir; 300 mg twice daily) with lamivudine (Epivir; 150 mg twice daily); combination drug available as Combivir (300/150-mg tablet twice daily)
		High-risk exposure: large-gauge hollow needle, deep puncture, visible blood on device, needle used in blood vessel, or a major splash of blood to mucous membrane or nonintact skin and/or high-risk source(symptomatic HIV infection, acute seroconversion, or known high HIV viral load)	Within 72 hours of exposure for four weeks:
			Tenofovir (300 mg once daily) with emtricitabine (200 mg once daily)
				or
			Zidovudine (300 mg twice daily) with lamivudine (150 mg twice daily)
				plus
			Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra; 400/100 mg, two tablets twice daily)
				or
			Atazanavir (Reyataz; 400 mg once daily)