Medication	Dosage	Cost*	Potential adverse effects
Short-acting anticholinergic
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)	Two puffs every six hours as needed	$236 per inhaler	Anaphylaxis, angioedema, bronchospasm (paradoxical), glaucoma (narrow-angle), hypersensitivity reaction, laryngospasm
Short-acting beta2 agonists
Albuterol	Two puffs every four to six hours as needed	$33 per inhaler (generic)	Angina, angioedema, arrhythmias, bronchospasm (paradoxical), hypertension, hypokalemia, QT-interval prolongation, seizures
Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA)	Two puffs every four to six hours as needed	$55 per inhaler	Anaphylaxis, arrhythmias, bronchospasm (paradoxical), hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, paresthesia, syncope
Pirbuterol (Maxair Autohaler)	One or two puffs every four to six hours as needed	$450 per inhaler	Arrhythmias, bronchospasm (paradoxical), hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hypokalemia, seizures
Long-acting anticholinergics
Aclidinium (Tudorza Pressair)	One dose twice per day	$237 for 60 doses	Atrioventricular block, bronchospasm (paradoxical), cardiopulmonary arrest, heart failure, hypersensitivity reaction
Tiotropium (Spiriva)	One dose per day	$282 for 30 doses	Angioedema, bronchospasm (paradoxical), glaucoma, hypersensitivity reaction
Long-acting beta2agonists
Arformoterol (Brovana)	15 mcg twice per day (nebulizer only)	$249 for 30 vials (15 mcg per vial)	Arrhythmias, bronchospasm (paradoxical), hypersensitivity reaction, hypokalemia, lung cancer
Formoterol (Foradil)	One dose every 12 hours	$200 for 60 doses	Anaphylaxis, arrhythmias, asthma exacerbation, atrial fibrillation, bronchospasm (paradoxical), hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
Indacaterol (Arcapta)	One capsule per day	$187 for 30 capsules	Arrhythmias, bronchospasm (paradoxical), hypersensitivity reaction, hypokalemia, seizure disorder
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus)	One puff every 12 hours	$205 per inhaler	Anaphylaxis, angioedema, arrhythmias, bronchospasm (paradoxical), fever, glaucoma, hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hypokalemia, paresthesia, pelvic inflammatory disease, vasculitis
Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone (Qvar, 40 to 80 mcg per puff)	40 to 320 mcg twice per day	$176 per inhaler	Anaphylaxis, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypersensitivity reaction, glaucoma, suicidal ideation
Budesonide (Pulmicort, 90 to 180 mcg per puff)	180 to 360 mcg twice per day	$120 to $135 per inhaler, depending on dosage	Adrenal insufficiency, angioedema, benign intracranial hypertension, bronchospasm, glaucoma, hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hypokalemia, leukocytosis
Ciclesonide (Alvesco, 80 to 160 mcg per puff)	80 to 160 mcg twice per day	$188 per inhaler	Angioedema, bronchospasm (paradoxical), elevated liver enzymes, increased intraocular pressure
Fluticasone (Flovent HFA, 44 to 220 mcg per puff; Flovent Diskus, 100 to 250 mcg per puff)	44 to 500 mcg twice per day	$130 to $275 per inhaler, depending on dosage and delivery system		Anaphylaxis, angioedema, asthma exacerbation, bronchospasm (paradoxical), Churg-Strauss syndrome, fever, hypersensitivity reaction, muscle injury, vasculitis, wheezing
Mometasone (Asmanex, 220 mcg per puff)	One or two puffs per day	$181 per inhaler		Anaphylaxis, angioedema, bronchospasm, fever, hypersensitivity reaction, increased intraocular pressure, wheezing
Combination medications
Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)	Two puffs twice per day	$222 to $253, depending on dosage		Anaphylaxis, angioedema, arrhythmias, bronchospasm, glaucoma, hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hypokalemia, hypotension, increased intraocular pressure, tachycardia
Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)	One puff twice per day (Diskus); two puffs twice per day (HFA)	$235 to $380 per inhaler, depending on dosage and delivery system		Anaphylaxis, angioedema, arrhythmias, asthma exacerbation, bronchospasm, hypertension, hypokalemia, myocardial ischemia, stridor, tachycardia, wheezing
Ipratropium/albuterol (Combivent Respimat)	One or two puffs every six hours as needed	$280 per inhaler		Anaphylaxis, angioedema, arrhythmias, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, glaucoma, hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hypokalemia, increased intraocular pressure, metabolic acidosis, myocardial ischemia, tachycardia
Mometasone/formoterol (Dulera)	Two puffs twice per day	$241 per inhaler		Adrenal suppression, angioedema, arrhythmias, asthma exacerbation, bronchospasm, glaucoma, hypersensitivity reaction, hypokalemia, seizures, vasculitis
Other
Roflumilast (Daliresp)	500 mcg per day	$215 for 30 500-mcg tablets		Arrhythmias, elevated liver enzymes, hypersensitivity reaction, lung cancer, paresthesia, prostate cancer, renal failure, suicidal ideation
Theophylline (extended-release)	300 mg per day initially, then titrate by serum levels	$10 (generic) for 30 300-mg tablets		Arrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, intractable vomiting, peptic ulcer disease, seizures, status epilepticus