Disease	Lifetime prevalence (%)	Appropriate diagnostic tests
Autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto disease or Graves disease)8,28–32	22	Thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels
Celiac disease33	12	Tissue transglutaminase antibody level
Type 1 diabetes mellitus8,28–30,32	11	A1C, fasting blood glucose, and islet autoantibody levels
Hypoparathyroidism8,28–30,32	10	Calcium and parathyroid hormone levels
Primary ovarian insufficiency34	10	Follicle-stimulating hormone level
Pernicious anemia8,28,29	5	Complete blood count, vitamin B12 level, and parietal cell antibody level
Primary gonadal failure (testes) 29	2	Testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels
None8,28–34	50	—