Test	How performed	Positive findings	Suggested diagnosis
Elbow abduction stress test	Valgus stress applied against an elbow held in 20 to 30 degrees of flexion	Absence of a firm end point and movement of the articular surfaces of the medial epicondyle and ulna	Ulnar collateral ligament injury
Hook test	Shoulder abducted to 90 degrees with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion	Finger does not hook onto the biceps tendon	Distal biceps tendon rupture
	Examiner's finger attempts to hook behind the distal biceps tendon
Middle finger test	With an outstretched arm, the patient attempts to extend the middle finger against resistance	Weakness or inability to resist force	Posterior interosseous nerve compression syndrome
		Pain isolated at the lateral epicondyle	Lateral epicondylitis
Milking maneuver	Forearm supinated, shoulder abducted, and elbow flexed beyond 90 degrees	Apprehension, instability, and medial joint pain	Ulnar collateral ligament injury
	Valgus stress is placed on the elbow by pulling on the thumb
Modified milking maneuver	Shoulder adducted and externally rotated	Apprehension, instability, and medial joint pain	Ulnar collateral ligament injury
Moving valgus stress test	Shoulder abducted and externally rotated	Pain between 70 and 120 degrees	Ulnar collateral ligament injury
	While maintaining a constant valgus force, the elbow is quickly flexed and extended through a complete range of motion
Tinel test	Gentle tapping over the course of a superficial nerve	Tingling, paresthesias over the distal course of the nerve	Cubital tunnel syndrome, radial tunnel syndrome