Condition	Etiology	Clinical presentation	Diagnosis	Treatment
Acute suppurative sialadenitis	Bacterial infection	Sudden onset of pain and swelling	Swollen, indurated, tender gland; purulence from duct may be seen	Antibiotics, gland massage, hydration, sialagogues, warm compresses, oral hygiene
Chronic or recurrent sialadenitis	Obstruction (stone or stricture) of the duct	Repeated episodes of pain and swelling, often with meals; recurrent infections	Swollen or firm gland; may appear normal on examination; imaging (computed tomography or ultrasonography) may show calculus or dilated duct	Hydration, gland massage, sialendoscopy or open surgery
Neoplasm	May be benign or malignant	Painless, firm, slow-growing mass	Imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging); fine-needle aspiration	Surgical removal of gland
Recurrent parotitis of childhood	Unknown	Repeated episodes of pain and swelling of the parotid gland in children	Clinical history; examination and imaging findings are usually normal; parotid gland may be swollen	Antibiotics, gland massage, hydration, sialendoscopy
Viral infections	Most commonly mumps or human immunodeficiency virus	Swelling, often bilateral; may be tender	Viral serology	Supportive care; antiretrovirals for human immunodeficiency virus infection