FindingCharacteristicsLocation
Salmon patch (nevus simplex)
  • Macular pink-red capillary dilations, often bilateral, fades over time

  • Forehead, upper eyelid, nape of the neck (stork bite)

Port-wine stain (nevus flammeus)
  • Dark purple or red, capillary malformation, generally does not fade, ophthalmology referral needed if near the eye

  • Nonspecific location

  • Sturge-Weber syndrome: over the trigeminal nerve (associated with seizures, glaucoma)

  • Klippel-TrĂ©naunay-Weber syndrome: extremity

Hemangioma
  • Benign vascular tumor, caused by increased growth of endothelial cells on blood vessels

  • Often benign and self-involutes, management depends on size and location

  • Nonspecific

Erythema toxicum
  • Flesh-colored papules with erythematous base, contains eosinophils, resolves in first week

  • Diffuse (face and trunk)

Pustular melanosis
  • Pustules without erythema, contain neutrophils, rupture and leave hyperpigmented macules that may persist for months

  • Diffuse (forehead, chin, neck, back)

Milia
  • White papules, consist of epidermal cysts with keratinous material, spontaneous rupture within first few weeks of life

  • Nose

Mongolian spots (dermal melanocytosis)
  • Blue-gray macules, up to 10-cm diameter, more common in black, Native American, and Hispanic populations; usually fade by four years of age, but can be confused with abuse and should be documented

  • Common in sacral region

Café au lait spots
  • Light-brown macule, likely benign but may be an early sign of neurofibromatosis or McCune-Albright syndrome

  • Nonspecific

Cutis marmorata
  • Reticular mottling of the skin caused by vascular response to cold, typically resolves with warmth

  • Usually localized to the lower limbs