Prognostic tools for physicians
See Table 1 for average U.S. life expectancy by age
See Figure 1 for upper, middle, and lower quartiles of life expectancy by sex and age
Lee Index: http://eprognosis.ucsf.edu/lee.php
Palliative Performance Scale: www.npcrc.org/files/news/palliative_performance_scale_PPSv2.pdf
Schonberg Index: http://eprognosis.ucsf.edu/schonberg.php
Decision aids for physicians
Clinical Frailty Scale: http://geriatricresearch.medicine.dal.ca/pdf/Clinical%20Faily%20Scale.pdf
ePrognosis iPhone or iPad applications for breast and colon cancer screening: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/eprognosis-cancer-screening/id714539993
ePrognosis website for breast and colon cancer screening: http://cancerscreening.eprognosis.org
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Electronic Preventive Services Selector tool: http://epss.ahrq.gov/PDA/index.jsp
Decision aids for patients
Breast cancer
	Should I Continue Having Mammograms to Screen for Breast Cancer?: https://sydney.edu.au/medicine/public-health/shdg/resources/Mammo_DA.pdf
	Should I Continue Getting Mammograms After Age 75?: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/data/Journals/INTEMED/929788/IOI130136supp1_prod.pdf
	Should I Get a Mammogram? Ages 75+: http://www.wvmedical.com/Site/Content/Departments/Womens_Imaging_Center/CH_Mammography_Ages_75_Pamphlet_2015_WEB.pdf
Colon cancer
	Making a Decision About Colon Cancer Screening: http://www.shareddecisionmaking.org/Site/Female%20Age%2080.pdf and http://www.shareddecisionmaking.org/Site/DICE_LowLiteracy.pdf
	Screening for Colon Cancer. What You Need to Know (video): http://www.shareddecisionmaking.org/Site/CHOICE6/Choice.swf
Lung cancer
	Helping You Decide About Lung Cancer Screening: http://cancer.dartmouth.edu/lung_thoracic/documents/NCCC__Decision_Lung_Cancer_Screening.pdf
Prostate cancer
	The PSA Decision. Is Testing for Prostate Cancer Right for You?: http://www.dartmouth-hitchcock.org/dhmc-internet-upload/file_collection/PSA.pdf