Injury
Evaluation and management	Acromioclavicular joint injuries	Midshaft clavicle fractures	Glenohumeral joint dislocations	Proximal humerus fractures	Rotator cuff tears
Initial management	Sling for comfort	Sling for 2 to 6 weeks	Sling for 4 weeks	Sling for 6 to 8 weeks	Physical therapy for 6 weeks
Imaging	AP, axillary, and Zanca views	AP and serendipity views	AP, scapular Y, and axillary or Velpeau views to evaluate for associated fractures	AP view of the glenoid, scapular Y view, and axillary view	Magnetic resonance imaging without contrast media is preferred for diagnosing tears; radiography is usually not helpful but could be used to rule out other causes of shoulder pain or massive rotator cuff tears
Follow-up intervals	2 weeks, start physical therapy when comfortable	4 weeks, start physical therapy	2 weeks for repeat radiography; start physical therapy at 2 to 4 weeks	3 weeks for repeat radiography and to begin physical therapy	6 weeks for clinical evaluation
Indications for referral	Rockwood types III to VI injuries	Displaced group I fractures and all group II fractures, persons participating in high performance sports, suspected posterior sternoclavicular dislocation	Young athletes, patients with their first dislocation or recurrent dislocations	Young or active patients with 2-, 3-, or 4-part proximal humerus fractures	Any patient with a suspected tear, especially young, active, healthy patients with a full-thickness tear