Symptoms	Lifetime prevalence	Treatment	Prevention and screening
Arthralgia	95%	Glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), methotrexate, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	—
Fatigue	90%	Aerobic exercise (possibly)	Minimize exertion, get adequate sleep
Cutaneous lupus	70% to 80%	Topical glucocorticoids, chloroquine (Aralen), hydroxychloroquine	Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing
Hematologic	Most patients symptoms	Azathioprine (Imuran), mycophenolate (Cellcept), rituximab (Rituxan); transfusion for anemia (possibly)	Monitor and treat infection, especially in patients with leukopenia
Renal symptoms	50%	Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids, mycophenolate	Urinalysis and serum creatinine test every three months
Cardiovascular symptoms	28% to 40%	Antihypertensive agents, cholesterol-lowering agents	Treat risk factors aggressively
Neuropsychiatric symptoms	12% to 23%	Glucocorticoids; anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics for depression and headaches; antithrombotic agents and cyclophosphamide for thrombotic symptoms and cerebritis	Control aggravating factors and symptoms
Pulmonary symptoms	16%	Depends on type of involvement and severity; azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids, mycophenolate, plasmapheresis	—