| Onset of action over several days |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| Lisinopril | 10 mg once per day | Consider alternative in patients with acute kidney injury or severe renal disease; may cause hyperkalemia and angioedema |
| Ramipril (Altace) | 2.5 to 10 mg once per day | |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker |
| Telmisartan (Micardis) | 40 mg once per day | Consider alternative in patients with acute kidney injury or severe renal disease; may cause hyperkalemia |
| Beta blockers |
| Atenolol | 25 to 50 mg once per day | Avoid in patients with bradycardia; may cause bronchospasm |
| Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL) | 25 to 100 mg once per day | |
| Calcium channel blockers |
| Amlodipine (Norvasc) | 2.5 to 5 mg once per day | May cause flushing and edema |
| Nifedipine* | 30 mg once per day | |
| Diuretic |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 12.5 to 25 mg once per day | Use with caution in patients with gout; may cause hypokalemia and hyponatremia |
| Onset of action over several hours |
| Alpha blocker |
| Prazosin (Minipress) | 1 to 2 mg twice per day | May cause syncope, typically with the first dose; tachycardia; and orthostatic hypotension |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
| Captopril | 25 mg two or three times per day | Consider alternative in patients with acute kidney injury or severe renal disease; may cause rash, hyperkalemia, and angioedema |
| Beta blocker |
| Labetalol | 100 mg twice per day | May cause orthostatic hypotension and nausea |
| Calcium channel blocker |
| Diltiazem | 30 mg four times per day† | May cause edema and headache |
| Central alpha2 adrenergic agonist | |
| Clonidine | 0.1 to 0.2 mg twice per day | May cause drowsiness, headache, fatigue, rash, and xerostomia |
