Low risk (less than 1% risk of major adverse cardiac event)

Ambulatory surgery

Breast surgery

Cataract surgery

Endoscopic procedures

Superficial procedures

Higher risk (greater than 1% risk of major adverse cardiac event)

Aortic and other major vascular surgery

Emergent procedures

Head and neck surgery

Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic surgery

Open urologic surgery

Orthopedic surgery

Prolonged procedures with large fluid shifts and/or blood loss