Medication	Dose (mg)	Difference in sleep onset latency (minutes)*	Difference in total sleep time (minutes)†	Difference in time awake after sleep onset (minutes)‡	Relative risk of withdrawal from study because of adverse events (95% confidence interval)
Benzodiazepine
Temazepam (Restoril)	7.5 to 30	− 30.9	93.5	NR	6.7 (0.4 to 121.1)
Z-drugs
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)	2 to 3	− 19.1	44.8	− 10.8	NS
Zaleplon (Sonata)	5 to 20	− 9.9	NR	NR	1.6 (0.7 to 3.9)
Zolpidem (Ambien)	5	− 18.3	NS	NR	0.3 (0.1 to 1.6)
	10	− 14.8	48.1	− 22.8	2.8 (1.0 to 8.0)
Zolpidem, extended release (Ambien CR)	12.5	− 9	25	− 16	1.79 (1.04 to 3.1)
Zolpidem, sublingual (Intermezzo)	3.5	− 18	NS	NR	NS
Melatonin agonist
Melatonin, controlled release	1	− 6.0	NR	NR	0.86 (0.4 to 1.8)
Ramelteon (Rozerem)	4 to 16	NS	NS	NS	1.2 (0.47 to 3.2)
Tricyclic antidepressant
Doxepin (Silenor)	3	NS	11.9	− 18	1.1 (0.4 to 3.9)
	6	NS	17.3	− 23	1.1 (0.4 to 3.9)
Orexin receptor antagonist
Suvorexant (Belsomra)	15 to 20	− 6.0	16.0	− 4.7	0.6 (0.3 to 1.3)