Medication	Dose (mg)	Approximate time to peak (hours)	Approximate half-life (hours)	Cost*	Recommended use
Benzodiazepines
Estazolam	0.5 to 2	2	10 to 24	$14	Sleep maintenance†
Flurazepam	15 to 30	1	47 to 100	$12	Sleep maintenance†
Quazepam (Doral)	7.5 to 15	2	25 to 84	(NA) $357	Sleep maintenance†
Temazepam (Restoril)	7.5 to 30	1.5	3.5 to 18.4	$102 ($600)	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Triazolam	0.125 to 0.25	2	1.5 to 5.5	$21	Sleep onset†
Z-drugs
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)	1 to 3	1	6	$25 ($437)	Sleep onset and maintenance
Zaleplon (Sonata)	5 to 10	1	1	$17 ($278)	Sleep onset
Zolpidem (Ambien)	5 to 10	1.6	2.6	$8 ($488)	Sleep onset and maintenance
Zolpidem, extended release (Ambien CR)	6.25 to 12.5	1.5	2.8	$66 ($488)	Sleep onset and maintenance
Zolpidem, sublingual (Intermezzo)	1.75 or 3.5	1	2.5	$105 ($357)	Night awakening‡
Melatonin agonists
Melatonin, controlled release	1	1.5	3.5	$1	Sleep onset
Ramelteon (Rozerem)	8	0.75	2.5	NA ($351)	Sleep onset
Tricyclic/quatracyclic antidepressants
Amitriptyline	25 to 150	4	30	$4	Limited use§
Doxepin (Silenor)	3 to 6	3.5	15	NA ($383)||	Sleep maintenance
Mirtazapine (Remeron)	7.5 to 15	2	30	$28 ($185)	Not recommended
Nortriptyline (Pamelor)	25 to 150	8	30	$4 ($1,024)	Limited use§
Trazodone	50 to 100	1	10	$4	Not recommended
Orexin receptor antagonist
Suvorexant (Belsomra)	5 to 20	2	15	$314	Sleep onset and maintenance
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)	25 to 50	2.5	8.5	$3 ($5)	Not recommended
Doxylamine	25 to 50	2.4	10	$5	Not recommended
Hydroxyzine	50 to 100	2	20	$4	Not recommended
Antipsychotics
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)	2.5 to 20	6	30	$13 ($325)	Limited use¶
Quetiapine (Seroquel)	50 to 400	1.5	6	$12 ($205)	Limited use¶
Risperidone (Risperdal)	0.25 to 6	1	20	$11 ($246)	Limited use¶
Anticonvulsants
Gabapentin (Neurontin)	300 to 600	2.5	6	$6 ($129)	Limited use**
Pregabalin (Lyrica)	50 to 300	3	6	NA ($185)	Limited use**