Absolute contraindications
Active endocarditis
Acute aortic dissection
Acute myocarditis/pericarditis
Decompensated heart failure
Inability to exercise
Myocardial infarction in previous two days
Ongoing unstable angina
Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia with hemodynamic compromise
Relative contraindications
Acquired complete heart block (left bundle branch block)
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with severe resting gradient
Known left main coronary artery disease
Recent stroke or transient ischemic attack
Resting systolic blood pressure > 200 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 110 mm Hg
Tachyarrhythmia with uncontrolled ventricular rate