Category	Screening test	Description of test
Visual acuity test	Picture identification tests	Figure identification from various distances (e.g., the LEA Symbols chart uses a circle, apple, square, and house; symbols gradually decrease in size)
	HOTV eye test	Identification of letters HOTV; letters gradually decrease in size
	Snellen	Letter or number identification; letters or numbers gradually decrease in size
	Tumbling E	Identification of the direction of arms of the letter E; letters gradually decrease in size
Stereoacuity test	Contour stereotest	Use of polarized glasses and stereo cards to determine whether a child can correctly identify a 3-dimensional image (e.g., Frisby, Random Dot E, Stereo Smile, Titmus Fly)
	Moving dynamic random dot stereosize test	Computer-generated moving stereotest dots
Ocular alignment test	Corneal light reflex test (Hirschberg test)	Symmetric light reflex in both pupils from light held 2 ft away; can also detect cataracts and tumors
	Cover-uncover test (cross cover test)	Alignment changes when covering or uncovering a single focusing eye
	Red reflex test (Bruckner test)	Equal red reflexes when viewed through ophthalmoscope; can also detect cataracts and tumors
Photoscreening (multiple categories)	Photoscreening	A trained observer evaluates images of corneal light reflexes from a calibrated camera; binocular; can assess ocular alignment, media opacity, and visual acuity
Autorefraction (automated visual acuity test)	Autorefractive screening	Estimates refractive error using an automated device; monocular; does not assess ocular alignment