Infection	Condition	Characteristics	Rash
Coxsackie virus	Hand-foot-and-mouth disease	Oral lesions on the tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, uvula, and tonsillar pillars	Vesicular eruptions and erythematous macules on the palms and soles but may also affect buttocks and perineum
Herpes simplex virus	Erythema multiforme	Immune-mediated condition characterized by the abrupt onset of rash	Erythematous macules that progress to papules and then target lesions; favors the face and distal extremities; painful vesiculobullous lesions of the mucosa may be present
Measles virus	Measles (rubeola)	Prodrome of fever, cough, nasal congestion and rhinoconjunctivitis; Koplik spots (gray-white papules on the buccal mucosa) are pathognomonic	Erythematous macules and papules spreading from the trunk to the extremities
Rickettsia rickettsii	Rocky Mountain spotted fever	Fever, headaches, myalgias, and gastrointestinal symptoms	Erythematous macules that start around the wrist and ankles and spread across the body but spare the face; papular lesions on the palms and soles
Treponema pallidum	Secondary syphilis	Presents up to six months after primary lesion if left untreated; low-grade fever, malaise, sore throat, adenopathy, and myalgias	Generalized maculopapular eruption involving the face, trunk, extremities, palms, and soles; may involve mucous membranes and develop patchy alopecia