Treatment	Pregnancy category	Minimum age	Mechanism and onset of action	Adverse effects
Intranasal corticosteroids
Beclomethasone	C	4 years	Inhibits the influx of inflammatory cells; onset of action is less than 30 minutes	Bitter aftertaste, burning, stinging, epistaxis, headache, nasal dryness, throat irritation; potential risk of systemic absorption
Fluticasone propionate (Flonase)	C	4 years
Intranasal antihistamines
Azelastine 0.1%	C	5 years	Anti-inflammatory effects, onset of action is 15 to 30 minutes	Bitter aftertaste, epistaxis, headache, nasal irritation, sedation
Combination intranasal corticosteroid and intranasal antihistamine
Azelastine/fluticasone propionate (Dymista)	C	12 years	See separate treatments	See separate treatments
Intranasal anticholinergics
Ipratropium	B	5 years	Blocks acetylcholine receptors; onset of action is 15 minutes	Epistaxis, headache, nasal dryness
Oral decongestants
Phenylephrine	C	4 years	Vasoconstriction; onset of action is 15 to 30 minutes	Arrhythmias, hypertension, insomnia, nervousness
Pseudoephedrine	C	4 years
Intranasal decongestants
Oxymetazoline (Afrin)	C	6 years	Vasoconstriction; onset of action is within 10 minutes	Rhinitis medicamentosa with long-term use
Phenylephrine	C	2 years