• Additives

  • Alcohol

  • Artificial sweeteners (e.g., aspartame)

  • Caffeine (overconsumption or acute withdrawal from regular use)

  • Delayed/missed meals

  • Exercise

  • Foods (e.g., chocolate, soft cheese)

  • Light

  • Menses

  • Odors (e.g., perfumes)

  • Oral contraceptives

  • Psychiatric comorbidities

  • Red wine

  • Sleep disturbances (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia)

  • Smoke

  • Stress

  • Weather changes