Treatment	Symptom	No. of trials (no. of participants)	Findings	Strength of evidence
Cognitive processing therapy	PTSD symptoms*	5 (399)	Reduced PTSD symptoms SMD = −1.35 (95% CI, −1.77 to −0.94)	● ● ○
	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	4 (299)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.62)	● ● ○
	Depression symptoms†	5 (399)	Reduced depression symptoms SMD = –1.09 (95% CI, –1.52 to –0.65)	● ● ○
Cognitive therapy	PTSD symptoms*	4 (283)	Reduced PTSD symptoms SMD of individual studies ranged from –2.0 to –0.3 All studies favored treatment (all studies P < .05)	● ● ○
	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	4 (283)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD = 0.55 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.82) All studies favored treatment (3 of 4 studies P < .05)	● ● ○
	Depression symptoms†	4 (283)	Reduced depression symptoms Between-group mean differences of individual trials ranged from –11.1 to –8.3 All studies favored treatment (4 of 4 studies P < .05)	● ● ○
Cognitive behavior therapy (exposure)	PTSD symptoms*		Reduced PTSD symptoms	● ● ●
		13 (885)	SMD = –1.23 (95% CI, –1.50 to –0.97)
		8 (689)	SMD for the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale = –1.12 (95% CI, –1.42 to –0.82)
	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	6 (409)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD = 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.78)	● ● ●‡
	Depression symptoms†	10 (715)	Reduced depression symptoms SMD = –0.76 (95% CI, –0.91 to –0.60)	● ● ●
Cognitive behavior therapy (mixed)	PTSD symptoms*		Reduced PTSD symptoms	● ● ●‡
		21 (1,349)	SMD = –1.01 (95% CI, –1.28 to –0.74)
		11 (709)	SMD = –1.24 (95% CI, –1.67 to –0.81)
	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	9 (474)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD = 0.29 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.41)	● ● ●‡
	Depression symptoms†	15 (929)	Reduced depression symptoms SMD = –0.87 (95% CI, –1.14 to –0.61)	● ● ●‡
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing	PTSD symptoms*	8 (449)	Reduced PTSD symptoms SMD = –1.08 (95% CI, –1.82 to –0.35)	● ● ○§
	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	7 (427)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.61)	● ● ○
	Depression symptoms†	7 (347)	Reduced depression symptoms SMD = –0.91 (95% CI, –1.58 to –0.24)	● ● ○
Brief eclectic psychotherapy	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	3 (96)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD of individual studies ranged from 0.13 to 0.58 All studies favored treatment (P < .05)	● ○ ○
	Depression symptoms†	3 (96)	Reduced depression symptoms Different depression scales used; all 3 studies favored treatment (3 of 3 studies P < .05)	● ○ ○
Imagery rehearsal therapy	PTSD symptoms*	1 (168)	Reduced PTSD symptoms Between-group mean difference = –21.0 (P < .05)	● ○ ○
Narrative exposure therapy	PTSD symptoms	3 (232)	Reduced PTSD symptoms SMD ranged from –1.95 to –0.79 across 3 individual studies (3 of 3 studies P < .05)	● ● ○
	Loss of PTSD diagnosis	2 (198)	Greater loss of PTSD diagnosis RD of 0.06 and 0.43 in individual studies Both studies favored treatment (1 of 2 studies P < .05)	● ○ ○
Seeking safety	PTSD symptoms*	3 (232)	Reduced PTSD symptoms SMD of individual trials ranged from –0.22 to 0.04 2 of 3 trials favored treatment (0 of 3 studies P < .05)	● ○ ○ for no difference
Trauma affect regulation	PTSD symptoms*	2 (173)	Reduced PTSD symptoms Between-group mean difference of –17.4 and –2.7 in individual studies Both favored treatment (1 of 2 studies P < .05)	● ○ ○