Type of hearing loss	Cause	Treatment
Idiopathic (80% to 90% of cases)	Unknown	Corticosteroids; hyperbaric oxygen in younger patients unresponsive to corticosteroids
Infectious	Epstein-Barr virus, group A streptococcus, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster virus, HIV,* Lyme disease,* meningitis, syphilis	Specific antimicrobial if identified
Otologic	Autoimmune condition, Meniere disease	Vestibulosuppressants for vertigo, corticosteroids, diuretics, surgery for Meniere disease
Trauma	Barotrauma, ear trauma, or head trauma	Manage trauma; otologic surgery when stable
Vascular	Cerebrovascular disease	Stroke management
Neoplastic	Angioma, hyperviscosity,* meningioma, neurofibromatosis 2, schwannoma	Surgical excision; radiation therapy in select cases
Other	Genetic cause,* mitochondrial disorder,* ototoxins,* pregnancy	Avoid ototoxins; treat underlying disorder if possible