Brazelton method	Azrin and Foxx method
Equipment	Equipment
Potty chair Snacks, treats, or rewards (optional)	Doll that wets pants List of real or imaginary characters admired by the child Potty chair with removable or replaceable collection bin Short t-shirt Snacks, treats, or rewards Training area with minimal distractions and interruptions Training pants
Method	Method
Begin training when specific physical and psychological milestones are met (usually about 18 months of age; introduce the potty chair and teach the child to associate it with the toilet) Ask the child to sit on the potty chair fully clothed; he/she may sit in close proximity when a parent is using the toilet; use the potty chair in any room or outside to accustom the child to sitting on it; allow the child to get off the chair at any time; talk or read a story during sits After one to two weeks of fully clothed sits, remove diaper and have the child sit on the potty chair; do not insist that he/she use the potty chair at this point If the child soils his/her diaper, take him/her and the diaper to the potty chair and empty the diaper into the chair; explain that this is where stool goes Once the child understands, take him/her to the potty chair several times daily As the child becomes more confident, remove diaper for short intervals; place potty chair in close proximity to the child and encourage independent use; provide gentle reminders as needed After these steps are mastered, use training pants, instructing the child on how to pull them up and remove them	After a productive sit, have the child empty the potty chair basin and replace it As the child masters the task, praise only for successful sits Check pants before naps and meals for the following three days; praise the child for dry pants; for wet pants, have the child change him- or herself and perform additional positive practice sessions Consequences for accidents: omit reinforcements; reprimand verbally; have the child change wet pants by him- or herself; perform 10 positive practice sessions Demonstrate correct steps for toileting using a doll: when the doll wets, have the child empty the potty chair basin into the toilet, flush, replace the basin, and wash hands Do not reinforce refusal or other uncooperative acts Encourage the child to go to the potty chair, pull down his/her pants, sit for several minutes, then get up and pull up pants; if the child urinates or defecates in the potty chair, reward with praise or a treat Give the child enough fluids to cause a strong, frequent desire to urinate Provide immediate positive reinforcement (e.g., food, drinks, hugs, small toys) for asking about, approaching, or sitting on the potty chair; manipulating pants; or urinating or defecating in the potty chair Start by having the child sit on the potty chair for 10 minutes; after several productive sessions, reduce duration Teach the child to differentiate between wet and dry; perform pants checks every three to five minutes and reward dry pants Tell the child that a real or imaginary person “is happy that you are learning to keep your pants dry” Work toward having the child request to use the potty chair