Medical history*

Personal

1. Chest pain, discomfort, tightness, or pressure related to exertion

2. Unexplained syncope or near syncope†

3. Excessive and unexplained dyspnea/fatigue or palpitations associated with exercise

4. Prior recognition of a heart murmur

5. Elevated systemic blood pressure

6. Prior restriction from participation in sports

7. Prior testing for the heart, ordered by a physician

Family

8. Premature death (sudden and unexpected, or otherwise) before 50 years of age attributable to heart disease in one or more relatives

9. Disability from heart disease in close relative younger than 50 years

10. Hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, or other ion channelopathies, Marfan syndrome, or clinically significant arrhythmias; specific knowledge of genetic cardiac conditions in family members

Physical examination

11. Heart murmur‡

12. Femoral pulses to exclude coarctation of the aorta

13. Physical stigmata of Marfan syndrome

14. Brachial artery blood pressure (sitting position)§