Transient Dehydration Exercise Fever Malignant hypertension Orthostatic proteinuria Preeclampsia Seizure Stress Primary glomerular Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Immunoglobulin A or IgM nephropathy Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Membranous nephropathy Minimal change disease

Secondary glomerular Allergic (e.g., antitoxins, poison ivy or oak, stings, venomous bites) Collagen vascular diseases (e.g., IgA vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus nephritis) Drugs (e.g., contrast media, heroin, lithium, NSAIDs) Genetic (e.g., Alport syndrome, Fabry disease, sickle cell disease) Infection (e.g., hepatitis B and C, HIV, malaria, poststreptococcal, syphilis) Metabolic (e.g., amyloidosis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease) Neoplastic (e.g., carcinomas, leukemia/lymphoma, multiple myeloma)

Tubular (typically nonalbumin dominant, < 2 g per day) Acute tubular necrosis Drugs (e.g., lithium, NSAIDs) Fanconi syndrome Heavy metals (e.g., copper, lead, mercury) Renal transplant rejection Tubulointerstitial nephritis Overflow disorders Hemoglobinuria Multiple myeloma Myoglobinuria