Treatment*	Purpose/comment
Intravenous acetazolamide, 500 mg	Blocks production of aqueous humor
Intravenous mannitol, 1 to 2 g per kg	Rapidly reduces volume of aqueous humor
Topical apraclonidine 1% (Iopidine), one drop	Blocks production of aqueous humor
Topical pilocarpine 1% to 2%, one drop, two doses 15 minutes apart	Increases outflow of aqueous humor; use once intraocular pressure is reduced to less than 40 mm Hg because it is not effective at higher doses due to ischemic paralysis of the iris; should not be used if topiramate use is the cause of acute angle closure
Topical timolol 0.5% (Timoptic), one drop	Blocks production of aqueous humor