| Risk factor | Predictors and associated odds ratios (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parental expressive concerns | Parental receptive concerns | Use of speech-language pathology services | Low vocabulary score | |
| Birth weight 2,500 g or less | 1.50 (1.18 to 1.91) | 1.75 (1.27 to 2.40) | 1.52 (1.12 to 2.07) | 1.54 (1.14 to 2.09) |
| Male sex | 2.06 (1.80 to 2.35) | 1.84 (1.51 to 2.24) | 1.89 (1.58 to 2.56) | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.47) |
| Sustained hearing issues | 4.27 (3.12 to 5.84) | 6.67 (4.80 to 9.26) | 4.09 (2.88 to 5.80) | 1.60 (1.05 to 2.43) |