Medication	Daily dosage (mg)	Approximate time to peak (hours)	Approximate half-life (hours)	Cost*	Recommended use
Benzodiazepines
Estazolam	1 or 2	2	15	$25	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Flurazepam	15 to 30	1	74	$20	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Quazepam (Doral)	7.5 to 15	2	55	NA ($877)	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Temazepam	7.5 to 30	1.5	11	$14	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Triazolam	0.125 to 0.25	2	4	$37	Sleep onset†
Z-drugs
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)	1 to 3	1	6	$20 ($20)	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Zaleplon	5 or 10	1	1	$36	Sleep onset†
Zolpidem	5 or 10	1.6	2.6	$19	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Zolpidem, extended release	6.25 to 12.5	1.5	2.8	$23	Sleep onset and maintenance†
Zolpidem, sublingual	1.75 to 3.5	1	2.5	$85	Night awakening†‡
Anticonvulsants
Gabapentin	300 to 600	2.5	6	$11	Limited use§
Pregabalin (Lyrica)	50 to 300	3	6	$19 ($600)	Limited use§
Melatonin receptor agonists
Melatonin	1 to 3	1.5	3.5	$5	Sleep onset
Ramelteon (Rozerem)	8	0.75	2.5	$99 ($405)	Sleep onset
Orexin receptor antagonist
Daridorexant (Quviviq)	25 to 50	1	8	NA ($513)	Sleep onset and maintenance||
Lemborexant (Dayvigo)	5 to 10	1	17	NA ($333)	Sleep onset and maintenance||
Suvorexant (Belsomra)	5 to 20	2	15	NA ($462)	Sleep onset and maintenance||
Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants
Amitriptyline	25 to 150	4	30	$10	Limited use¶
Doxepin	3 or 6	3.5	15	$5**	Sleep maintenance
Mirtazapine	7.5 to 15	2	30	$9	Limited use¶
Nortriptyline	25 to 150	8	30	$12	Limited use¶
Trazodone	50 to 100	1	10	$11	Not recommended
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine	25 to 50	2.5	8.5	$3	Not recommended
Doxylamine	25	2.4	10	$5	Sleep onset and maintenance
Hydroxyzine	50 to 100	2	20	$10	Not recommended
Antipsychotics
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)	2.5 to 20	6	30	$9 ($490)	Limited use††
Quetiapine	50 to 400	1.5	6	$9	Limited use††
Risperidone	0.25 to 6	1	20	$4	Limited use††