These key learning points summarize the consensus- and evidence-based recommendations included in this edition. The sources listed here for each statement recommend that physicians perform or implement these actions directly in a clinical setting. A = consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence; B = inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence; C = consensus, disease-oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series. For information about the SORT evidence rating system, go to https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0201/p548.html.

1. Treat adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with stimulant medications. Offer cognitive behavior therapy as an adjunct.
Evidence rating: SORT B
Sources: Section One, references 13, 14, and 19

2. Treat patients with acute stress disorder with trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy to improve symptoms and prevent progression to posttraumatic stress disorder.
Evidence rating: SORT B
Source: Section Two, reference 10

3. Avoid benzodiazepines for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Evidence rating: SORT A
Source: Section Two, reference 10

4. Treat patients with borderline personality disorder with dialectical behavior or psychodynamic therapy.
Evidence rating: SORT B
Source: Section Three, reference 17