Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis that leads to the narrowing or obstruction of the peripheral arteries, most commonly those that supply blood to the legs. The classic symptom is intermittent claudication—reproducible pain in the lower extremities...
Cardiovascular disease risk assessment is an evolving field with new research indicating that more recommendations tailored to and personalized for patients are possible. Pooled cohort equations continue to be the foundation of risk assessment in patients 40 to 75 years of...
Chronic coronary disease, previously known as stable ischemic heart disease, is a spectrum of coronary artery disease characterized by obstructive or nonobstructive atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries. Functional noninvasive tests used to diagnose...
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively enough to meet the body’s metabolic demands; typically this happens because of impaired ventricular filling or ejection. HF affects millions of people in the United...
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