A Practical Approach to Neonatal Jaundice - American Family Physician
May 1, 2008 - Kernicterus and neurologic sequelae caused by severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are preventable conditions. A structured and practical approach to the identification and care of infants with jaundice can facilitate prevention, thus decreasing rates of morbidity and mortality. Primary ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0501/p1255.html
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 1999 - The most probable etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding relates to the patient's reproductive age, as does the likelihood of serious endometrial pathology. The specific diagnostic approach depends on whether the patient is premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal. In ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/1001/p1371.html
Acne Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2019 - Acne vulgaris is the most prevalent chronic skin disease in the United States, affecting nearly 50 million people per year, mostly adolescents and young adults. Potential sequelae of acne, such as scarring, dyspigmentation, and low self-esteem, may result in significant morbidity. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1015/p475.html
Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Evaluation and Management - American Family ...
Feb 15, 2020 - Evaluation and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding focus on etiologies originating distally to the ligament of Treitz. Diverticular disease is the most common source, accounting for 40% of cases. Hemorrhoids, angiodysplasia, infectious colitis, and inflammatory bowel ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0215/p206.html
Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2018 - Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antiemetics, ergot alkaloids, and combination analgesics have evidence supporting their effectiveness in the treatment of migraine. Acetaminophen ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0215/p243.html
Acute Pancreatitis - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2014 - Acute pancreatitis is most commonly caused by gallstones or chronic alcohol use, and accounts for more than 200,000 hospital admissions annually. Using the Atlanta criteria, acute pancreatitis is diagnosed when a patient presents with two of three findings, including abdominal pain ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1101/p632.html
Acute Pericarditis: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Apr 1, 2014 - Acute pericarditis, inflammation of the pericardium, is found in approximately 5% of patients admitted to the emergency department for chest pain unrelated to acute myocardial infarction. It occurs most often in men 20 to 50 years of age. Acute pericarditis has a number of potential ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0401/p553.html
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2020 - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that manifests as rapidly progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. Diagnostic criteria include onset within one week of a known insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms, profound hypoxemia, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0615/p730.html
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2012 - Acute respiratory distress syndrome manifests as rapidly progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. Diagnostic criteria include acute onset, profound hypoxemia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and the absence of left atrial hypertension. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0215/p352.html
Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2020 - Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. The incidence of anaphylaxis in the United States is 2.1 per 1,000 person-years. Most anaphylactic reactions occur outside the hospital setting. Urticaria, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0915/p355.html
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dyplasia - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2006 - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a disorder in which normal myocardium is replaced by fibrofatty tissue. This disorder usually involves the right ventricle, but the left ventricle and septum also may be affected. Although the exact prevalence of ARVD is unknown, it ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0415/p1391.html
Aseptic and Bacterial Meningitis: Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention - American ...
Sep 1, 2017 - The etiologies of meningitis range in severity from benign and self-limited to life-threatening with potentially severe morbidity. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Mortality remains high despite the introduction of vaccinations ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0901/p314.html
Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2012 - Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic pruritic skin condition affecting approximately 17.8 million persons in the United States. It can lead to significant morbidity. A simplified version of the U.K. Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria can help make the diagnosis....
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0701/p35.html
Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
May 15, 2020 - Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin disease affecting one in 10 people in their lifetime. Atopic dermatitis is caused by a complex interaction of immune dysregulation, epidermal gene mutations, and environmental factors that disrupts ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0515/p590.html
Bedbug Infestation - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2012 - The significant resurgence of bedbugs in the past decade has been attributed to pesticide resistance, more frequent travel, lack of public awareness, and inadequate pest control programs. Bedbugs are obligate blood parasites (insect family Cimicidae). They can withstand a large range of...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1001/p653.html
Bleeding and Bruising: A Diagnostic Work-up - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2008 - Primary care physicians are often asked about easy bruising, excessive bleeding, or risk of bleeding before surgery. A thorough history, including a family history, will guide the appropriate work-up, and a physical examination may provide clues to diagnosis. A standardized bleeding ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0415/p1117.html
Celiac Disease - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2007 - As many as one in every 100 to 200 persons in the United States has celiac disease, a condition resulting from an inappropriate immune response to the dietary protein gluten. The manifestations of celiac disease range from no symptoms to overt malabsorption with involvement of multiple ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1215/p1795.html
Celiac Disease: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2014 - Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. It is triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Gluten is a storage protein in wheat, rye, and barley, which are staples in many American diets. Celiac disease is characterized ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0115/p99.html
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2002 - Severe fatigue is a common complaint among patients. Often, the fatigue is transient or can be attributed to a definable organic illness. Some patients present with persistent and disabling fatigue, but show no abnormalities on physical examination or screening laboratory tests. In ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0315/p1083.html
Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2005 - Clostridium difficile infection is responsible for approximately 3 million cases of diarrhea and colitis annually in the United States. The mortality rate is 1 to 2.5 percent. Early diagnosis and prompt aggressive treatment are critical in managing C. difficile-associated diarrhea. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0301/p921.html
Cluster Headache - American Family Physician
Jul 15, 2013 - Cluster headache causes severe unilateral temporal or periorbital pain, lasting 15 to 180 minutes and accompanied by autonomic symptoms in the nose, eyes, and face. Headaches often recur at the same time each day during the cluster period, which can last for weeks to months. Some ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0715/p122.html
Common Pigmentation Disorders - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2009 - Common causes of hyperpigmentation include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides (freckles), and cafe-au-lait macules. Although most hyperpigmented lesions are benign and the diagnosis is straightforward, it is important to exclude melanoma and its ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0115/p109.html
Common Questions About Oppositional Defiant Disorder - American Family Physician
Apr 1, 2016 - Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behavior disorder characterized by a pattern of angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting for at least six months. Children and adolescents with ODD may have trouble controlling their temper ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0401/p586.html
Common Tinea Infections in Children - American Family Physician
May 15, 2008 - The common dermatophyte genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton are major causes of superficial fungal infections in children. These infections (e.g., tinea corporis, pedis, cruris, and unguium) are typically acquired directly from contact with infected humans or animals or...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html
Conduct Disorder: Recognition and Management - American Family Physician
Nov 15, 2018 - Conduct disorder is a psychiatric syndrome that most commonly occurs in childhood and adolescence. It is characterized by symptoms of aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. Risk factors include male sex, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1115/p584.html
Costochondritis: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2009 - Costochondritis, an inflammation of costochondral junctions of ribs or chondrosternal joints of the anterior chest wall, is a common condition seen in patients presenting to the physician's office and emergency department. Palpation of the affected chondrosternal joints of the chest ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0915/p617.html
Croup: An Overview - American Family Physician
May 1, 2011 - Croup is a common illness responsible for up to 15 percent of emergency department visits due to respiratory disease in children in the United States. Croup symptoms usually start like an upper respiratory tract infection, with low-grade fever and coryza followed by a barking cough and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0501/p1067.html
Current Strategies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood ...
Apr 15, 2009 - Symptoms of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affect cognitive, academic, behavioral, emotional, social, and developmental functioning. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. An ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0415/p657.html
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Recognition and Management - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2020 - Degenerative cervical myelopathy encompasses a collection of pathologic conditions that result in progressive spinal cord dysfunction secondary to cord compression. Patients are typically male (3: 1 male-to-female ratio), and the average age of presentation is 64 years. The exact ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1215/p740.html
Diabetic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2019 - Globally, approximately 20% of the 400 million individuals with diabetes mellitus have diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is associated with higher cardiovascular and all-cause morbidity and mortality, so timely diagnosis and treatment are critical. Screening for early DKD is best done ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0615/p751.html
Diagnosing and Treating Hair Loss - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2009 - Physicians should be careful not to underestimate the emotional impact of hair loss for some patients. Patients may present with focal patches of hair loss or more diffuse hair loss, which may include predominant hair thinning or increased hair shedding. Focal hair loss can be further ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0815/p356.html
Diagnosis and Initial Management of Acute HIV Infection - American Family Physician
May 15, 2010 - Recognition and diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the primary care setting presents an opportunity for patient education and health promotion. Symptoms of acute HIV infection are nonspecific (e.g., fever, malaise, myalgias, rash), making misdiagnosis ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0515/p1239.html
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Diverticulitis - American Family Physician
May 1, 2013 - Uncomplicated diverticulitis is localized diverticular inflammation, whereas complicated diverticulitis is diverticular inflammation associated with an abscess, phlegmon, fistula, obstruction, bleeding, or perforation. Patients with acute diverticulitis may present with left lower ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0501/p612.html
Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2016 - Adnexal masses can have gynecologic or nongynecologic etiologies, ranging from normal luteal cysts to ovarian cancer to bowel abscesses. Women who report abdominal or pelvic pain, increased abdominal size or bloating, difficulty eating, or rapid satiety that occurs more than 12 times ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0415/p676.html
Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - American Family Physician
May 15, 2008 - Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition affecting older men. Typical presenting symptoms include urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Acute urinary retention, which requires urgent bladder catheterization, is ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1403.html
Diagnosis and Management of Crohn's Disease - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2011 - Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract at any point from the mouth to the rectum. Patients may experience diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, abdominal masses, and anemia. Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/1215/p1365.html
Diagnosis and Management of Genital Ulcers - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2012 - Herpes simplex virus infection and syphilis are the most common causes of genital ulcers in the United States. Other infectious causes include chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale (donovanosis), secondary bacterial infections, and fungi. Noninfectious etiologies, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0201/p254.html
Diagnosis and Management of Gonococcal Infections - American Family Physician
Nov 15, 2012 - Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes urogenital, anorectal, conjunctival, and pharyngeal infections. Urogenital tract infections are most common. Men with gonorrhea may present with penile discharge and dysuria, whereas women may present with mucopurulent discharge or pelvic pain; however, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1115/p931.html
Diagnosis and Management of IBS in Adults - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2012 - Irritable bowel syndrome is defined as abdominal discomfort or pain associated with altered bowel habits for at least three days per month in the previous three months, with the absence of organic disease. In North America, the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome is 5 to 10 percent ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0901/p419.html
Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2015 - Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. It represents the most prominent cause of acquired coronary artery disease in childhood. In the United States, 19 per 100,000 children younger than five years are hospitalized ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0315/p365.html
Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2005 - Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of synovial tissue and a wide array of multisystem comorbidities. Prevalence is estimated to be 0.8 percent worldwide, with women twice as likely to develop the disease as men. Untreated, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0915/p1037.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acne - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2012 - Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is the most common skin disorder in the United States. Therapy targets the four factors responsible for lesion formation: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, colonization by Propionibacterium acnes, and the resultant ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Bronchitis - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2010 - Cough is the most common symptom bringing patients to the primary care physician’s office, and acute bronchitis is usually the diagnosis in these patients. Acute bronchitis should be differentiated from other common diagnoses, such as pneumonia and asthma, because these conditions may ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1345.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants and Children - American ...
Oct 15, 2015 - Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as the passage of stomach contents into the esophagus with or without accompanied regurgitation (spitting up) and vomiting. It is a normal physiologic process that occurs throughout the day in infants and less often in children and adolescents. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1015/p705.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2013 - Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is atherosclerosis leading to narrowing of the major arteries distal to the aortic arch. The most common presenting symptom is claudication; however, only 10% of patients have classic claudication. Approximately 8 to 12 million Americans have PAD, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0901/p306.html
Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
May 15, 2020 - Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity. In the United States, the estimated prevalence of ectopic pregnancy is 1% to 2%, and ruptured ectopic pregnancy accounts for 2.7% of pregnancy-related deaths. Risk factors include a history of pelvic...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0515/p599.html
Enuresis in Children: A Case Based Approach - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2014 - Enuresis is defined as intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep in a child at least five years of age. Approximately 5% to 10% of all seven-year-olds have enuresis, and an estimated 5 to 7 million children in the United States have enuresis. The pathophysiology of primary ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1015/p560.html
Evaluation and Diagnosis of Wrist Pain: A Case-Based Approach - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2013 - Patients with wrist pain commonly present with an acute injury or spontaneous onset of pain without a definite traumatic event. A fall onto an outstretched hand can lead to a scaphoid fracture, which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. Conventional radiography alone can miss up ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0415/p568.html
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women - ...
Jan 1, 2012 - Up to 14 percent of women experience irregular or excessively heavy menstrual bleeding. This abnormal uterine bleeding generally can be divided into anovulatory and ovulatory patterns. Chronic anovulation can lead to irregular bleeding, prolonged unopposed estrogen stimulation of the ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0101/p35.html
Evaluation and Management of Orthostatic Hypotension - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2011 - Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes of standing when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position. It results from an inadequate physiologic...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0901/p527.html
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