Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Gallstones - American Family Physician
May 15, 2014 - Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is one of the most common and costly of all the gastrointestinal diseases. The incidence of gallstones increases with age. At-risk populations include persons with diabetes mellitus, persons who are obese, women, rapid weight cyclers, and patients on ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0515/p795.html
Nonoperative Management of Cervical Radiculopathy - American Family Physician
May 1, 2016 - Cervical radiculopathy describes pain in one or both of the upper extremities, often in the setting of neck pain, secondary to compression or irritation of nerve roots in the cervical spine. It can be accompanied by motor, sensory, or reflex deficits and is most prevalent in persons 50 ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0501/p746.html
Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments for Symptoms of Menopause - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2016 - The results of large clinical trials have led physicians and patients to question the safety of hormone therapy for menopause. In the past, physicians prescribed hormone therapy to improve overall health and prevent cardiac disease, as well as for symptoms of menopause. Combined ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1201/p884.html
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2015 - Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease have been declining over the past two decades because of early detection and treatment. Screening in persons at average risk should begin at 50 years of age; the U.S. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0115/p93.html
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Facial Wrinkles - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2014 - Botulinum toxin injection for treatment of facial wrinkles is the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure in the United States, and it is one of the most common entry procedures for clinicians seeking to incorporate aesthetic treatments into their practice. Treatment of frown lines...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0801/p168.html
Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2016 - The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians screen adults for alcohol misuse and provide persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking behaviors with brief behavioral counseling to reduce alcohol misuse. However, only a minority of American adults with high-risk ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0315/p457.html
Heart Failure Due to Reduced Ejection Fraction: Medical Management - American Family ...
Jan 1, 2017 - Heart failure is an increasingly common condition resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. For patients who have heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, randomized clinical trials demonstrate consistent mortality benefit from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0101/p13.html
Buprenorphine Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2018 - Opioid misuse, including the use of heroin and the overprescribing, misuse, and diversion of opioid pain medications, has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. As a result, there has been a dramatic increase in opioid use disorder and associated overdoses and deaths. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0301/p313.html
Treating Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Update - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2016 - Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs in approximately 25% of patients with diabetes mellitus who are treated in the office setting and significantly affects quality of life. It typically causes burning pain, paresthesias, and numbness in a stocking-glove pattern that progresses...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0801/p227.html
Localized Prostate Cancer: Treatment Options - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2018 - In the United States, prostate cancer will be diagnosed in one out of seven men in his lifetime. Most cases are localized, and only one in 39 men will die from the disease. Prostate cancer is most often detected using serum prostate-specific antigen testing. The National Comprehensive ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0615/p798.html
Nonpharmacologic Management of Hypertension: What Works? - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2015 - Hypertension is one of the most common conditions encountered in primary care. Nonpharmacologic strategies have been shown to help lower blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications are recommended for all patients with hypertension. The American Heart Association/American College of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0601/p772.html
Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2014 - Hip fractures cause significant morbidity and are associated with increased mortality. Women experience 80% of hip fractures, and the average age of persons who have a hip fracture is 80 years. Most hip fractures are associated with a fall, although other risk factors include decreased ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0615/p945.html
Refractive Eye Surgery: Helping Patients Make Informed Decisions About LASIK - American...
May 15, 2017 - A variety of refractive surgery techniques, which reshape the corneal stroma using laser energy, have been marketed as simple and safe alternatives to glasses or contact lenses. Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common of these procedures. Although there are few ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0515/p637.html
Behavioral Disorders in Dementia: Appropriate Nondrug Interventions and Antipsychotic ...
Aug 15, 2016 - Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia pose management challenges for caregivers and clinicians. Firstline nonpharmacologic treatments include eliminating physical and emotional stressors, modifying the patient’s environment, and establishing daily routines. Family members ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0815/p276.html
Nonsurgical Management of Knee Pain in Adults - American Family Physician
Nov 15, 2015 - The role of the family physician in managing knee pain is expanding as recent literature supports nonsurgical management for many patients. Effective treatment depends on the etiology of knee pain. Oral analgesics—most commonly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen—are ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1115/p875.html
Common Questions About the Initial Management of Hypertension - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2015 - Hypertension is the most common chronic condition treated by family physicians. Elevated blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and death. Treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of these events. Several ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0201/p172.html
Common Questions About the Pharmacologic Management of Depression in Adults - American ...
Jul 15, 2015 - One in 11 U.S. adults currently meets diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, and a similar number report that they have taken an antidepressant medication in the past 30 days. In the primary care population, medications are modestly superior to placebo in achieving ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0715/p94.html
Treatment of Adult Obesity with Bariatric Surgery - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2016 - In 2013, approximately 179,000 bariatric surgery procedures were performed in the United States, including the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (42.1%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (34.2%), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (14.0%). Choice of procedure depends on the medical ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0101/p31.html
Primary Care of the Prostate Cancer Survivor - American Family Physician
May 1, 2016 - This summary of the American Cancer Society Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines targets primary care physicians who coordinate care of prostate cancer survivors with subspecialists. Prostate cancer survivors should undergo prostate-specific antigen screening every six to 12 ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0501/p764.html
Management of COPD Exacerbations - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2010 - Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contribute to the high mortality rate associated with the disease. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of multiple interventions. The first step in outpatient management should be to increase the dosage ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0301/p607.html
Treatment of Alzheimer Disease - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2011 - Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than one-third of Americans older than 85 years. It is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tau tangles, and depletion of acetylcholine are among...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0615/p1403.html
Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2011 - Knee osteoarthritis is a common disabling condition that affects more than one-third of persons older than 65 years. Exercise, weight loss, physical therapy, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and braces or heel wedges decrease...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0601/p1287.html
Treatment of Breast Cancer - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2010 - Understanding breast cancer treatment options can help family physicians care for their patients during and after cancer treatment. This article reviews typical treatments based on stage, histology, and biomarkers. Lobular carcinoma in situ does not require treatment. Ductal carcinoma ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0601/p1339.html
Treatment Options for Localized Prostate Cancer - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2011 - In the United States, more than 90 percent of prostate cancers are detected by serum prostate-specific antigen testing. Most patients are found to have localized prostate cancer, and most of these patients undergo surgery or radiotherapy. However, many patients have low-risk cancer and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0815/p413.html
Counseling Patients About Hormone Therapy and Alternatives for Menopausal Symptoms - ...
Oct 1, 2010 - The results of recent large clinical trials have led physicians and patients to question the safety of menopausal hormone therapy. In the past, physicians prescribed hormone therapy in an attempt to improve overall health and prevent cardiac disease. Hormone therapy appears to increase ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1001/p801.html
Weight Loss Maintenance - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2010 - Successful long-term weight loss maintenance can be achieved by various means. A combination of dietary and physical activity interventions, along with one or more behavioral approaches, has proven successful in some persons, as documented by the National Weight Control Registry, but is...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0915/p630.html
Treatment of Prostatitis - American Family Physician
May 15, 2000 - The term prostatitis is applied to a series of disorders, ranging from acute bacterial infection to chronic pain syndromes, in which the prostate gland is inflamed. Patients present with a variety of symptoms, including urinary obstruction, fever, myalgias, decreased libido or ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0515/p3015.html
Pharmacologic Management of Adult Depression - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2008 - Major depression is a common and treatable disease. Many patients benefit from pharmacologic treatment and, because there is little variation in antidepressant effectiveness, medication choices should be made based on patient characteristics, safety, and anticipated side effects. Most ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0315/p785.html
Practical Use of the Pessary - American Family Physician
May 1, 2000 - The pessary is an effective tool in the management of a number of gynecologic problems. The pessary is most commonly used in the management of pelvic support defects such as cystocele and rectocele. Pessaries can also be used in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The wide ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0501/p2719.html
COPD: Management of Acute Exacerbations and Chronic Stable Disease - American Family ...
Aug 15, 2001 - Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with oxygen (in hypoxemic patients), inhaled beta2 agonists, inhaled anticholinergics, antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids. Methylxanthine therapy may be considered in patients who do not respond to ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0815/p603.html
Nonhormonal Therapies for Hot Flashes in Menopause - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2006 - Numerous reports in the medical literature and popular media have discussed the effectiveness of various nonhormonal agents in reducing menopausal hot flash symptoms. Data for these therapies are limited, and most of the studies have been conducted in women with a history of breast ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0201/p457.html
Vasectomy: An Update - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2006 - Vasectomy remains an important option for contraception. Research findings have clarified many questions regarding patient selection, optimal technique, postsurgical follow-up, and risk of long-term complications. Men who receive vasectomies tend to be non-Hispanic whites, well ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/1215/p2069.html
Selecting Medications for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence - American Family ...
Jan 15, 2005 - In response to the growing population of older patients with incontinence, pharmaceutical companies are developing new drugs to treat the condition. Before prescribing medications for incontinence, however, physicians should determine the nature and cause of the patient's incontinence. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0115/p315.html
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Adults: Part II. Treatment - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2004 - Although most cases of acute rhinosinusitis are caused by viruses, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a fairly common complication. Even though most patients with acute rhinosinusitis recover promptly without it, antibiotic therapy should be considered in patients with prolonged or more ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1101/p1697.html
Approach to Vaso-occlussive Crisis in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease - American Family...
Mar 1, 2000 - The vaso-occlusive crisis, or sickle cell crisis, is a common painful complication of sickle cell disease in adolescents and adults. Acute episodes of severe pain (crises) are the primary reason that these patients seek medical care in hospital emergency departments. Frequently, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0301/p1349.html
Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer: Evaluating the Evidence - American Family Physician
May 15, 2005 - Controversy surrounds the management options for localized prostate cancer-conservative management, prostatectomy, and radiation. Choosing among these options is difficult because of long-term side effects that include sexual, urinary, and bowel dysfunction. Some recent studies suggest ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0515/p1915.html
Peyronie's Disease: Current Management - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 1999 - Peyronie's disease is an acquired inflammatory condition of the penis associated with penile curvature and,in some cases, pain. It primarily affects men between 45 and 60 years of age, although an age range of 18 to 80 years has been reported. If left untreated, Peyronie's disease may ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0801/p549.html
Management of Dyslipidemia in Adults - American Family Physician
May 1, 1998 - The importance of treating dyslipidemias based on cardiovascular risk factors is highlighted by the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. The first step in evaluation is to exclude secondary causes of hyperlipidemia. Assessment of the patient's risk for coronary heart ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0501/p2192.html
Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Part II. Prevention of Thromboembolic ...
Jul 15, 2002 - Family physicians should be familiar with the acute management of atrial fibrillation and the initiation of chronic therapy for this common arrhythmia. Initial management should include hemodynamic stabilization, rate control, restoration of sinus rhythm, and initiation of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0715/p261.html
Oral Contraceptive Use During the Menopausal Years - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 1998 - Few guidelines exist for the use of estrogen, particularly low-dose oral contraceptives, during the perimenopausal years. Use of low-dose oral contraceptive pills in women over 35 years of age provides protection against unwanted pregnancy, maintains a stable hormonal environment and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/1015/p1373.html
Chronic Bronchitis: Primary Care Management - American Family Physician
May 15, 1998 - Chronic bronchitis is a clinical diagnosis characterized by a cough productive of sputum for over three months' duration during two consecutive years and the presence of airflow obstruction. Pulmonary function testing aids in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis by documenting the extent...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0515/p2365.html
Breast-Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2002 - Surgical treatment of breast cancer has changed significantly in recent years. Fine-needle aspirations or core-needle biopsies can be used in the diagnostic process, thus avoiding scarring incisions. The preferred method of treatment for many women with early breast cancer is ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/1215/p2271.html
Managing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2002 - Medical and surgical options for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have expanded in recent years. Saw palmetto, the most widely used complementary medication, is less effective than standard medical therapy but has fewer side effects. Although non-selective alpha blockers ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0701/p77.html
Medical Treatments for Balding in Men - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 1999 - Two drugs are available for the treatment of balding in men. Minoxidil, a topical product, is available without a prescription in two strengths. Finasteride is a prescription drug taken orally once daily. Both agents are modestly effective in maintaining (and sometimes regrowing) hair ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0415/p2189.html
Vasectomy Techniques - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 1999 - Vasectomy can be performed by means of various techniques, although each vasectomy technique requires isolation and division of the vas and operative management of the vasal ends. Removal of at least 15 mm of vas is recommended, although division of the vas without removal of a segment ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0701/p137.html
Uterine Fibroid Embolization - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2000 - Interventional radiologists have performed uterine artery embolization to treat women with emergency uterine bleeding since the 1970s. In this procedure, the physician guides a small angiographic catheter into the uterine arteries and injects a stream of tiny particles that decreases ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0615/p3601.html
Topical Therapies for Glaucoma: What Family Physicians Need to Know - American Family ...
Apr 1, 1999 - Medication classes historically used in the management of glaucoma include beta blockers, miotics, sympathomimetics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Because topically applied medications are more site specific, they are preferred in the treatment of glaucoma. Compared with oral ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0401/p1871.html
Newer Pharmacologic Alternatives for Erectile Dysfunction - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 1999 - With the introduction of effective pharmacologic therapies for erectile dysfunction, more men are seeking treatment. The underlying cause of erectile dysfunction is usually a chronic medical illness or a side effect of certain drugs. Less commonly, the problem is psychogenic. Even after...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0915/p1159.html
Raloxifene: A Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 1999 - Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that produces both estrogen-agonistic effects on bone and lipid metabolism and estrogen-antagonistic effects on uterine endometrium and breast tissue. Because of its tissue selectivity, raloxifene may have fewer side effects than are...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0915/p1131.html
Optimal Management of Cholesterol Levels and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease ...
Jan 15, 2002 - Coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in women, is largely preventable. Lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet and exercise) are the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and low levels of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0115/p217.html
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