Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels: Causes and Evaluation - American Family ...
Dec 1, 2017 - Mild, asymptomatic elevations (less than five times the upper limit of normal) of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels are common in primary care. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the U.S. population has elevated transaminase levels. An approach based on the ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1201/p709.html
Inguinal Hernias: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2020 - Groin hernias are caused by a defect of the abdominal wall in the groin area and comprise inguinal and femoral hernias. Inguinal hernias are more common in men. Although groin hernias are easily diagnosed on physical examination in men, ultrasonography is often needed in women. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1015/p487.html
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: When to Consider Treatment - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2017 - Subclinical hyperthyroidism is defined by a low or undetectable serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level, with normal free thyroxine and total or free triiodothyronine levels. It can be caused by increased endogenous production of thyroid hormone (e.g., in Graves disease, toxic nodular ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0601/p710.html
Dizziness: Approach to Evaluation and Management - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2017 - Dizziness is a common yet imprecise symptom. It was traditionally divided into four categories based on the patient’s history: vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, and light-headedness. However, the distinction between these symptoms is of limited clinical usefulness. Patients have ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0201/p154.html
Mechanical Low Back Pain - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2018 - Low back pain is usually nonspecific or mechanical. Mechanical low back pain arises intrinsically from the spine, intervertebral disks, or surrounding soft tissues. Clinical clues, or red flags, may help identify cases of nonmechanical low back pain and prompt further evaluation or ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1001/p421.html
Prevention of Unintentional Childhood Injury - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2020 - Unintentional injury accounts for one-third of deaths in children and adolescents each year, primarily from motor vehicle crashes. Children younger than 13 years should be restrained in the back seat, and infants and toddlers should remain rear-facing until at least two years of age. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1001/p411.html
Acute and Chronic Paronychia - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2017 - Paronychia is inflammation of the fingers or toes in one or more of the three nail folds. Acute paronychia is caused by polymicrobial infections after the protective nail barrier has been breached. Treatment consists of warm soaks with or without Burow solution or 1% acetic acid. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0701/p44.html
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2018 - Vaginitis is defined as any condition with symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, irritation, itching, or burning. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0301/p321.html
Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2017 - Most patients with hypertension have no clear etiology and are classified as having primary hypertension. However, 5% to 10% of these patients may have secondary hypertension, which indicates an underlying and potentially reversible cause. The prevalence and potential etiologies of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1001/p453.html
Syncope: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2017 - Syncope is an abrupt and transient loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. It accounts for 1% to 1.5% of emergency department visits, resulting in high hospital admission rates and significant medical costs. Syncope is classified as neurally mediated, cardiac, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0301/p303.html
Peritonsillar Abscess - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2017 - Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep infection of the head and neck, occurring primarily in young adults. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of clinical presentation and examination. Symptoms and findings generally include fever, sore throat, dysphagia, trismus, and a hot ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0415/p501.html
Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2017 - Urticaria commonly presents with intensely pruritic wheals, sometimes with edema of the subcutaneous or interstitial tissue. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 20%. Although often self-limited and benign, it can cause significant discomfort, continue for months to years, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0601/p717.html
Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2016 - Hyperthyroidism is an excessive concentration of thyroid hormones in tissues caused by increased synthesis of thyroid hormones, excessive release of preformed thyroid hormones, or an endogenous or exogenous extrathyroidal source. The most common causes of an excessive production of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0301/p363.html
Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2015 - Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0915/p487.html
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2019 - Approximately one-fourth of pregnant women will experience bleeding in the first trimester. The differential diagnosis includes threatened abortion, early pregnancy loss, and ectopic pregnancy. Pain and heavy bleeding are associated with an increased risk of early pregnancy loss. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0201/p166.html
Disorders of Puberty: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2017 - Disorders of puberty can profoundly impact physical and psychosocial well-being. Precocious puberty is pubertal onset before eight years of age in girls and before nine years of age in boys. Patients with early isolated pubertal changes, prepubertal linear growth, and no worrisome ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1101/p590.html
Diagnosis and Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder in Adults -...
May 1, 2015 - Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) are among the most common mental disorders in the United States, and they can negatively impact a patient’s quality of life and disrupt important activities of daily living. Evidence suggests that the rates of missed diagnoses ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0501/p617.html
Management of Constipation in Older Adults - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2015 - Chronic constipation is common in adults older than 60 years, and symptoms occur in up to 50% of nursing home residents. Primary constipation is also referred to as functional constipation. Secondary constipation is associated with chronic disease processes, medication use, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0915/p500.html
Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers - ...
Sep 1, 2020 - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and are associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity. They have a high recurrence rate and are associated with anatomic and functional abnormalities. The decision to test for UTI is based on risk factors and the ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0901/p278.html
Chronic Kidney Disease: Detection and Evaluation - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2017 - Chronic kidney disease affects 47 million people in the United States and is associated with significant health care costs, morbidity, and mortality. Because this disease can silently progress to advanced stages, early detection is critical for initiating timely interventions. Multiple ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1215/p776.html
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2016 - Carpal tunnel syndrome, the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity, is caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel. Classically, patients with the condition experience pain and paresthesias in the distribution of the median nerve, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1215/p993.html
Dysuria: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis in Adults - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2015 - The most common cause of acute dysuria is infection, especially cystitis. Other infectious causes include urethritis, sexually transmitted infections, and vaginitis. Noninfectious inflammatory causes include a foreign body in the urinary tract and dermatologic conditions. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1101/p778.html
Ingrown Toenail Management - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2019 - Ingrown toenails account for approximately 20% of foot problems in primary care. The great toe is most often affected. Ingrown toenails occur most commonly in young men, and nail care habits and footwear are most often contributory factors. No consensus has been reached for the best ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0801/p158.html
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2015 - Skin and soft tissue infections result from microbial invasion of the skin and its supporting structures. Management is determined by the severity and location of the infection and by patient comorbidities. Infections can be classified as simple (uncomplicated) or complicated ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0915/p474.html
Chronic Diarrhea in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis - American Family ...
Apr 15, 2020 - Chronic diarrhea is defined as a predominantly loose stool lasting longer than four weeks. A patient history and physical examination with a complete blood count, C-reactive protein, anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (IgA), total IgA, and a basic metabolic panel are useful ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0415/p472.html
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Primary Care Approach to Diagnosis and Management - ...
Aug 15, 2016 - Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects many systems, including the skin, musculoskeletal, renal, neuropsychiatric, hematologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and reproductive systems. Family physicians should be familiar with the manifestations of lupus to aid ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0815/p284.html
Gastroenteritis in Children - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2019 - Acute gastroenteritis is defined as a diarrheal disease of rapid onset, with or without nausea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain. In the United States, acute gastroenteritis accounts for 1.5 million office visits, 200,000 hospitalizations, and 300 deaths in children each year. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0201/p159.html
Chronic Rhinosinusitis - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2017 - Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses that occurs in 1% to 5% of the U.S. population. It may significantly decrease quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis is defined by the presence of at least two out of four cardinal symptoms (i.e., facial ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1015/p500.html
Croup: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
May 1, 2018 - Croup is a common respiratory illness affecting 3% of children six months to three years of age. It accounts for 7% of hospitalizations annually for fever and/or acute respiratory illness in children younger than five years. Croup is a manifestation of upper airway obstruction resulting...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0501/p575.html
Epididymitis: An Overview - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2016 - Inflammation of the epididymis, or epididymitis, is commonly seen in the outpatient setting. Etiology and treatment are based on patient age and the likely causative organisms. Epididymitis presents as the gradual onset of posterior scrotal pain that may be accompanied by urinary ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1101/p723.html
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2016 - Elevated blood pressure in pregnancy may represent chronic hypertension (occurring before 20 weeks’ gestation or persisting longer than 12 weeks after delivery), gestational hypertension (occurring after 20 weeks’ gestation), preeclampsia, or preeclampsia superimposed on chronic ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0115/p121.html
Acute Bronchitis - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2016 - Cough is the most common illness-related reason for ambulatory care visits in the United States. Acute bronchitis is a clinical diagnosis characterized by cough due to acute inflammation of the trachea and large airways without evidence of pneumonia. Pneumonia should be suspected in ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1001/p560.html
Diagnosis and Management of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2016 - Nephrotic syndrome (NS) consists of peripheral edema, heavy proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia, often with hyperlipidemia. Patients typically present with edema and fatigue, without evidence of heart failure or severe liver disease. The diagnosis of NS is based on typical clinical ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0315/p479.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection - American ...
Feb 15, 2015 - The most common causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are Helicobacter pylori infection and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The test-and-treat strategy for detecting H. pylori is appropriate in situations where the risk of gastric cancer is low based on age younger ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0215/p236.html
Pityriasis Rosea: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2018 - Pityriasis rosea is a common self-limiting rash that usually starts with a herald patch on the trunk and progresses along the Langer lines to a generalized rash over the trunk and limbs. The diagnosis is based on clinical and physical examination findings. The herald patch is an ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0101/p38.html
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2019 - Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. The cardinal feature of PFPS is pain in or around ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0115/p88.html
Failure to Thrive: A Practical Guide - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2016 - Children with very low weight for age or height and those who do not maintain an appropriate growth pattern may have failure to thrive (FTT), also known as weight faltering. If confirmed by repeated valid measurements, FTT should prompt a search for causes of undernutrition, including ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0815/p295.html
Plantar Fasciitis - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2019 - Plantar fasciitis is a common problem that one in 10 people will experience in their lifetime. Plantar fasciopathy is an appropriate descriptor because the condition is not inflammatory. Risk factors include limited ankle dorsiflexion, increased body mass index, and standing for ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0615/p744.html
Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Summary of the Evidence - American Family...
Aug 1, 2017 - Probiotics contain microorganisms, most of which are bacteria similar to the beneficial bacteria that occur naturally in the human gut. Probiotics have been widely studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. The most-studied species include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0801/p170.html
Acute Diarrhea in Adults - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2014 - Acute diarrhea in adults is a common problem encountered by family physicians. The most common etiology is viral gastroenteritis, a self-limited disease. Increases in travel, comorbidities, and foodborne illness lead to more bacteria-related cases of acute diarrhea. A history and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0201/p180.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2015 - Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint complex, and surrounding musculature and osseous components. TMD affects up to 15% of adults, with a peak incidence at 20 to 40 years of age....
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0315/p378.html
Evaluation of the Patient with Hip Pain - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2014 - Hip pain is a common and disabling condition that affects patients of all ages. The differential diagnosis of hip pain is broad, presenting a diagnostic challenge. Patients often express that their hip pain is localized to one of three anatomic regions: the anterior hip and groin, the ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0101/p27.html
Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2017 - Jaundice in adults can be an indicator of significant underlying disease. It is caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels in the unconjugated or conjugated form. The evaluation of jaundice relies on the history and physical examination. The initial laboratory evaluation should include ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0201/p164.html
Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2014 - Impetigo is the most common bacterial skin infection in children two to five years of age. There are two principal types: nonbullous (70% of cases) and bullous (30% of cases). Nonbullous impetigo, or impetigo contagiosa, is caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0815/p229.html
Depression in Children and Adolescents: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family ...
Nov 15, 2019 - The prevalence of major unipolar depression in children and adolescents is increasing in the United States. In 2016, approximately 5% of 12-year-olds and 17% of 17-year-olds reported experiencing a major depressive episode in the previous 12 months. Screening for depression in ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1115/p609.html
Treatment of the Common Cold - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2019 - Acute upper respiratory tract infections are extremely common in adults and children, but only a few safe and effective treatments are available. Patients typically present with nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, cough, general malaise, and/or low-grade fever. Informing patients...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0901/p281.html
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Diverticulitis - American Family Physician
May 1, 2013 - Uncomplicated diverticulitis is localized diverticular inflammation, whereas complicated diverticulitis is diverticular inflammation associated with an abscess, phlegmon, fistula, obstruction, bleeding, or perforation. Patients with acute diverticulitis may present with left lower ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0501/p612.html
Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Gallstones - American Family Physician
May 15, 2014 - Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is one of the most common and costly of all the gastrointestinal diseases. The incidence of gallstones increases with age. At-risk populations include persons with diabetes mellitus, persons who are obese, women, rapid weight cyclers, and patients on ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0515/p795.html
Gas, Bloating, and Belching: Approach to Evaluation and Management - American Family ...
Mar 1, 2019 - Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress. An ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0301/p301.html
Hepatitis B: Screening, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2019 - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partly double-stranded DNA virus that causes acute and chronic liver infection. Screening for hepatitis B is recommended in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit and in adolescents and adults at high risk of chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccination ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0301/p314.html
Nonoperative Management of Cervical Radiculopathy - American Family Physician
May 1, 2016 - Cervical radiculopathy describes pain in one or both of the upper extremities, often in the setting of neck pain, secondary to compression or irritation of nerve roots in the cervical spine. It can be accompanied by motor, sensory, or reflex deficits and is most prevalent in persons 50 ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0501/p746.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2016 - Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia that adversely affects cardiac function and increases the risk of stroke. It is the most common arrhythmia and a major source of morbidity and mortality; its prevalence increases with age. Pulse rate is sensitive, but not specific, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0915/p442.html
Crohn's Disease: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2018 - Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause lesions from mouth to anus and may result in extraintestinal complications. The prevalence of Crohn’s disease is increasing in adults and children. Genetic predispositions to ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1201/p661.html
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Evaluation and Management - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2013 - Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and accounts for approximately one-half of anemia cases. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is confirmed by the findings of low iron stores and a hemoglobin level two standard deviations below normal. Women should be...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0115/p98.html
Fetal Aneuploidy: Screening and Diagnostic Testing - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2020 - Aneuploidy is the presence of one or more extra chromosomes or the absence of one or more chromosomes. The risk of fetal aneuploidy rises with increasing maternal age. Because fetal aneuploidy can affect any pregnancy, all pregnant women should be offered screening. First-trimester ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0415/p481.html
Amenorrhea: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2013 - Although amenorrhea may result from a number of different conditions, a systematic evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment of selected serum hormone levels can usually identify the underlying cause. Primary amenorrhea, which by definition...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0601/p781.html
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Prevention - American Family Physician
May 15, 2018 - Colorectal cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Most colorectal cancers arise from preexisting adenomatous or serrated polyps. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer can be reduced with screening of average-risk adults 50 to 75 years of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0515/p658.html
Clinical Evaluation of Bleeding and Bruising in Primary Care - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2016 - Bleeding and bruising are common symptoms in the primary care setting. The patient history can help determine whether the bruising or bleeding is abnormal. The International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis has developed a bleeding assessment tool that can be used to indicate ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0215/p279.html
Preventing Falls in Older Persons - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2017 - The American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society recommend that all adults older than 65 years be screened annually for a history of falls or balance impairment. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Academy of Family Physicians recommend exercise or ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0815/p240.html
Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2020 - Continuous electronic fetal monitoring was developed to screen for signs of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, and impending fetal death during labor. Because these events have a low prevalence, continuous electronic fetal monitoring has a false-positive rate of 99%. The ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0801/p158.html
Vaccine Adverse Events: Separating Myth from Reality - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2017 - Vaccines are one of the most successful medical advances in modern times. Most vaccine-preventable illnesses are unfamiliar to modern parents. Because of this, parents are increasingly questioning the necessity of immunizing their children, especially because no vaccine is completely ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0615/p786.html
Hyperhidrosis: Management Options - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2018 - Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating that affects patients’ quality of life, resulting in social and work impairment and emotional distress. Primary hyperhidrosis is bilaterally symmetric, focal, excessive sweating of the axillae, palms, soles, or craniofacial region not caused by other ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0601/p729.html
Genital Ulcers: Differential Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2020 - Genital ulcers may be located on the vagina, penis, and anorectal or perineal areas and may be infectious or noninfectious. Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of genital ulcers in the United States. A diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection is made through ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0315/p355.html
Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia - American ...
Nov 1, 2015 - Supraventricular tachycardia refers to rapid rhythms that originate and are sustained in atrial or atrioventricular node tissue above the bundle of His. The condition is caused by reentry phenomena or automaticity at or above the atrioventricular node, and includes atrioventricular ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1101/p793.html
Outpatient Burn Care: Prevention and Treatment - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2020 - Most patients with burn injuries are treated as outpatients. Two key determinants of the need for referral to a burn center are burn depth and percentage of total body surface area involved. All burn injuries are considered trauma, prompting immediate evaluation for concomitant ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0415/p463.html
Unintentional Weight Loss in Older Adults - American Family Physician
May 1, 2014 - Unintentional weight loss in persons older than 65 years is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The most common etiologies are malignancy, nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease, and psychiatric conditions. Overall, nonmalignant diseases are more common causes of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0501/p718.html
Common Superficial Bursitis - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2017 - Superficial bursitis most often occurs in the olecranon and prepatellar bursae. Less common locations are the superficial infrapatellar and subcutaneous (superficial) calcaneal bursae. Chronic microtrauma (e.g., kneeling on the prepatellar bursa) is the most common cause of superficial ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0215/p224.html
Acute Hand Infections - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2019 - Acute hand infections are often caused by puncture wounds and are generally classified into superficial or deep infections. Superficial infections occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, whereas deep infections can involve the tendon sheaths, adjacent anatomic compartments, deep ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0215/p228.html
Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments for Symptoms of Menopause - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2016 - The results of large clinical trials have led physicians and patients to question the safety of hormone therapy for menopause. In the past, physicians prescribed hormone therapy to improve overall health and prevent cardiac disease, as well as for symptoms of menopause. Combined ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1201/p884.html
Paget Disease of Bone for Primary Care - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2020 - Paget disease of bone is a benign disorder characterized by focal areas of increased bone turnover in one or more skeletal sites. It usually affects older adults, and men are at a higher risk than women. Any bone may be affected, but the disease has a high preference for the pelvis, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0815/p224.html
Endometrial Biopsy: Tips and Pitfalls - American Family Physician
May 1, 2020 - Endometrial biopsy is a safe and efficient method to evaluate the endometrium for a variety of indications, most commonly abnormal uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial biopsy is highly specific for diagnosing atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0501/p551.html
Type 1 Diabetes: Management Strategies - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2018 - There is considerable benefit of tight glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Tight blood glucose control dramatically decreases the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Although glycemic goals should be individualized, most nonpregnant adults ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0801/p154.html
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2016 - Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women. The subspecialties of psychiatry and gynecology have developed overlapping but distinct diagnoses that qualify as a premenstrual disorder; these include premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These conditions ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0801/p236.html
Lice and Scabies: Treatment Update - American Family Physician
May 15, 2019 - Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites. Pruritus is the most common presenting symptom. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed with visualization of live lice. Nits (lice eggs or egg casings) alone are not sufficient to diagnose a current infestation. A no-nit ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0515/p635.html
Erectile Dysfunction - American Family Physician
Nov 15, 2016 - Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is common, affecting at least 12 million U.S. men. The five-question International Index of Erectile Function allows rapid clinical assessment of ED. The ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1115/p820.html
Initial Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa - ...
Jan 1, 2015 - Eating disorders are life-threatening conditions that are challenging to address; however, the primary care setting provides an important opportunity for critical medical and psychosocial intervention. The recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0101/p46.html
Pelvic Organ Prolapse - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2017 - Pelvic organ prolapse is the descent of one or more of the anterior vaginal wall, posterior vaginal wall, the uterus (cervix), or the apex of the vagina (vaginal vault or cuff scar after hysterectomy). Prevalence increases with age. The cause of prolapse is multifactorial but is ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0801/p179.html
Nutrition in Toddlers - American Family Physician
Aug 15, 2018 - The establishment of eating practices that contribute to lifelong nutritional habits and overall health begins in toddlerhood. During this time, children acquire the motor skills needed to feed themselves and develop preferences that affect their food selections. Classifications for ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0815/p227.html
Noonan Syndrome - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2014 - Noonan syndrome is a common genetic disorder that causes multiple congenital abnormalities and a large number of potential health conditions. Most affected individuals have characteristic facial features that evolve with age; a broad, webbed neck; increased bleeding tendency; and a high...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0101/p37.html
Aseptic and Bacterial Meningitis: Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention - American ...
Sep 1, 2017 - The etiologies of meningitis range in severity from benign and self-limited to life-threatening with potentially severe morbidity. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Mortality remains high despite the introduction of vaccinations ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0901/p314.html
Tickborne Diseases: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
May 1, 2020 - Tickborne diseases that affect patients in the United States include Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, tularemia, Colorado tick fever, and tickborne relapsing fever. Tickborne diseases are increasing in incidence and should be ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0501/p530.html
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2015 - Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease have been declining over the past two decades because of early detection and treatment. Screening in persons at average risk should begin at 50 years of age; the U.S. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0115/p93.html
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Facial Wrinkles - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2014 - Botulinum toxin injection for treatment of facial wrinkles is the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure in the United States, and it is one of the most common entry procedures for clinicians seeking to incorporate aesthetic treatments into their practice. Treatment of frown lines...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0801/p168.html
Exercise Prescriptions in Older Adults - American Family Physician
Apr 1, 2017 - Regular physical activity and exercise are important for healthy aging and are beneficial for chronic disease management. Exercise prescriptions for older adults should account for the individual’s health status and functional capacity. Any amount of exercise is better than being ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0401/p425.html
Common Questions About Streptococcal Pharyngitis - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2016 - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection causes 15% to 30% of sore throats in children and 5% to 15% in adults, and is more common in the late winter and early spring. The strongest independent predictors of GABHS pharyngitis are patient age of five to 15 years, absence of...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0701/p24.html
Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2020 - Lymphoma is a group of malignant neoplasms of lymphocytes with more than 90 subtypes. It is traditionally classified broadly as non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma. Approximately 82,000 new U.S. patients are diagnosed with lymphoma annually. Any tobacco use and obesity are major modifiable ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0101/p34.html
Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2017 - Multiple myeloma accounts for 1.6% of all cancer cases and approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies in the United States. In 2015, an estimated 28,850 new cases of multiple myeloma were diagnosed in the United States, and the disease caused more than 11,000 deaths. Patients older ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0315/p373.html
Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2016 - The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians screen adults for alcohol misuse and provide persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking behaviors with brief behavioral counseling to reduce alcohol misuse. However, only a minority of American adults with high-risk ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0315/p457.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2016 - Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder that causes patients to temporarily stop or decrease their breathing repeatedly during sleep. This results in fragmented, nonrestful sleep that can lead to symptoms such as morning headache and daytime sleepiness. Obstructive sleep apnea ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0901/p355.html
Breastfeeding: Common Questions and Answers - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2018 - All major health organizations recommend breastfeeding as the optimal source of infant nutrition, with exclusive breastfeeding recommended for the first six months of life. After six months, complementary foods may be introduced. Most organizations recommend breastfeeding for at least ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0915/p368.html
Evaluation and Management of Orthostatic Hypotension - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2011 - Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes of standing when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position. It results from an inadequate physiologic...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0901/p527.html
Toilet Training: Common Questions and Answers - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2019 - Toilet training is a significant developmental milestone in early childhood. Most U.S. children achieve the physiologic, cognitive, and emotional development necessary for toilet training by 18 to 30 months of age. Markers of readiness for toilet training include being able to walk, put...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1015/p468.html
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Children - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2017 - Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of this infection. RSV is transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets either directly from an infected person or ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0115/p94.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2011 - Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in women. Most urinary tract infections are acute uncomplicated cystitis. Identifiers of acute uncomplicated cystitis are frequency and dysuria in an immunocompetent woman of childbearing age who has no comorbidities or ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/1001/p771.html
Common Questions About Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women - American Family ...
Apr 1, 2016 - Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in women, including healthy women with normal genitourinary anatomy. Recurrent UTI is typically defined as three or more UTIs within 12 months, or two or more occurrences within six months. The same species that caused previous ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0401/p560.html
Acupuncture for Pain - American Family Physician
Jul 15, 2019 - Acupuncture has been increasingly used as an integrative or complementary therapy for pain. It is well-tolerated with little risk of serious adverse effects. Traditional acupuncture and nontraditional techniques, such as electroacupuncture and dry needling, often result in reported pain...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0715/p89.html
Lead Poisoning in Children - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2019 - Asymptomatic lead poisoning has become more common in children. Blood lead levels of less than 5 µg per dL are associated with impairments in neurocognitive and behavioral development that are irreversible. Risk factors for lead poisoning include age younger than five years, low ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0701/p24.html
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) in Primary Care - American Family Physician
Feb 15, 2020 - Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) is caused by inhaling airborne spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. Residing in or traveling to areas endemic for Coccidioides is required for the diagnosis; no person-to-person or zoonotic contagion ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0215/p221.html
Care of the Military Veteran: Selected Health Issues - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2019 - According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 18.2 million veterans were living in the United States in 2017, of whom 1.6 million were female. Less than one-half of all veterans receive care at a Veterans Health Administration or military treatment facility, leaving most to receive services from...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1101/p544.html
Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability - American Family Physician
Nov 1, 2019 - Childhood-onset fluency disorder, the most common form of stuttering, is a neurologic disability resulting from an underlying brain abnormality that causes disfluent speech. Stuttering can lead to significant secondary effects, including negative self-perception and negative perception ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1101/p556.html