Medications for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults - Cochrane for Clinicians - ...
Jan 1, 2021 - In patients with treatment-resistant depression, augmenting therapy with atypical antipsychotics can be effective.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2021/0101/p16.html
Metformin to Prevent Diabetes in Patients at Increased Risk - Cochrane for Clinicians -...
Nov 1, 2020 - In patients at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, metformin reduces the risk (number needed to treat [NNT] = 7; 95% CI, 6 to 10) compared with counseling on standard diet and exercise.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1101/p531.html
Beta Blockers for Suspected or Diagnosed Acute Myocardial Infarction - Cochrane for ...
Dec 1, 2020 - Compared with placebo, beta-blocker use in patients with acute MI reduces short-term (less than three months) risk of MI and long-term (more than three months) risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1201/p666.html
Low-Protein Diets for Adults Without Diabetes Mellitus Who Have CKD - Cochrane for ...
Dec 1, 2020 - In patients without diabetes mellitus who have chronic kidney disease, is a low-protein diet effective at preventing progression to end-stage renal disease or the need for dialysis?
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1201/p665.html
Acute Appendicitis: Computed Tomography for Diagnosis in Adults - Cochrane for ...
Oct 1, 2020 - In a nonpregnant adult with clinical signs and symptoms of appendicitis, computed tomography has a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 94%.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/1001/p403.html
Corticosteroids for Hospitalized Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Cochrane ...
Sep 1, 2020 - For adults hospitalized with severe CAP, the use of corticosteroids may reduce the likelihood of mortality.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0901/p272.html
Effectiveness of PPAR Gamma Agonists in Preventing Recurrent Stroke and Other Vascular ...
Sep 1, 2020 - PPAR gamma agonists are probably effective in preventing recurrent stroke in people with previous stroke or TIA.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0901/p271.html
Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation - Cochrane for Clinicians - American...
Jul 1, 2020 - Patients using a combination of nicotine patch and fast-acting NRT are more likely to quit smoking than those on any single therapy alone (number needed to treat [NNT] = 29; 95% CI, 20 to 47).
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0701/p17.html
Role of Mucolytics in the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis or COPD - Cochrane for ...
Jul 1, 2020 - Oral mucolytic agents may reduce the number of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis or COPD (number needed to treat [NNT] = 8 over an average of nine months; 95% CI, 7 to 10).
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0701/p16.html
Smoking Cessation with Text Messaging and App-Based Interventions - Cochrane for ...
Aug 1, 2020 - Automated text messaging interventions are more effective than minimal smoking cessation support (absolute risk reduction [ARR] = 3%; 95% CI, 1% to 5%).
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0801/p148.html
OnabotulinumtoxinA for Prevention of Migraine in Adults - Cochrane for Clinicians - ...
Feb 1, 2020 - OnabotulinumtoxinA reduces the number of migraine days per month by two days compared with placebo in adults with chronic migraines.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0201/p144.html
Antidepressants Plus Benzodiazepines for Adults with Major Depression - Cochrane for ...
May 1, 2020 - A combination of tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines is more effective for major depression in adults than tricyclic antidepressants alone in the first four weeks of treatment.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0501/p527.html
Lithium for Acute Mania - Cochrane for Clinicians - American Family Physician
May 1, 2020 - Lithium is more effective at inducing a reduction of at least 50% on the validated Young Mania Rating Scale compared with placebo (number needed to treat [NNT] = 6; 95% CI, 5 to 8; six studies; n = 1,707).
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0501/p528.html
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation for Maintaining Cognitive Functioning in ...
Mar 1, 2020 - Vitamin and mineral supplementation has little to no beneficial effect on preserving cognitive functioning or preventing dementia in cognitively healthy adults 40 years and older.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0301/p272.html
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training vs. Control for Urinary Incontinence in Women - Cochrane ...
Apr 1, 2020 - Use of pelvic floor muscle training to treat women with all subtypes of urinary incontinence results in improvement or cure vs. no treatment (number needed to treat [NNT] = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.4). Treatment with pelvic floor muscle training also results in one fewer episode of leakage...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0401/p393.html
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors vs. Other Antihypertensive Drug Classes for ...
Nov 1, 2019 - RAS inhibitors, which include angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and renin inhibitors, should not be used as first-line agents.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1101/p540.html
Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Cochrane for Clinicians - American ...
Jan 1, 2020 - Positional therapy for OSA reduces scores on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale compared with no treatment. Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves AHI scores more than positional therapy, patients seem to better tolerate positional therapy ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0101/p16.html
General Health Checks in Adults for Reducing Disease-Related Morbidity and Mortality - ...
Dec 1, 2019 - General health check visits have no benefit on cardiovascular morbidity or on total, cardiovascular, or cancer-related mortality. There is also no evidence that they cause patient harm.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1201/p676.html
Medication Management for Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - ...
Jul 1, 2019 - Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce hospitalizations for patients with HFpEF. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have not been shown to change the morbidity or mortality in patients with HFpEF.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0701/p17.html
Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Helicobacter pylori Infection - Cochrane for ...
Jul 1, 2019 - When compared with serology or stool antigen tests, the urea breath test has the highest diagnostic accuracy to identify H. pylori infection in patients without a history of gastrectomy or recent use of antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0701/p16.html
Use of Amphetamines for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults - Cochrane ...
Sep 1, 2019 - Amphetamines provide a clinician-rated 30% or greater reduction in ADHD symptoms when compared with placebo (number needed to treat = 5).
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0901/p278.html
Effectiveness and Safety of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation -...
Oct 1, 2019 - Treatment of AFib with a factor Xa inhibitor results in a decrease in the combined end point of stroke and embolic events (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.97), as well as a decrease in intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.59) and all-cause mortality (OR = ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1001/p405.html
Aromatase Inhibitors Such as Letrozole (Femara) vs. Clomiphene (Clomid) for Subfertile ...
May 1, 2019 - When treated with letrozole, subfertile women with PCOS who are trying to conceive have increased chances of pregnancy (number needed to treat [NNT] = 11) and live birth (NNT = 10) compared with those treated with clomiphene.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0501/p545.html
Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Children, Healthy Adults, and Older Adults...
Aug 1, 2019 - Influenza vaccination reduces rates of laboratory-confirmed influenza and symptomatic influenza-like illness in healthy children, healthy adults, and older adults. There is no consistent evidence that influenza vaccination reduces school absenteeism in children, parental absenteeism ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0801/p143.html
Different Durations of Corticosteroid Therapy for COPD Exacerbations - Cochrane for ...
Mar 1, 2019 - Treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD with a shorter course of systemic corticosteroids (seven or fewer days) is likely to be as effective and safe as treating with longer courses (more than seven days).
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0301/p295.html
Alternative Interventions for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Men -...
Jun 1, 2019 - In men with chronic pelvic pain and urinary dysfunction who have not responded to standard medical management, extracorporeal shock wave therapy reduces symptoms and increases quality of life. Acupuncture may also provide benefit to some patients.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0601/p677.html
Preventing or Delaying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diet and Exercise - Cochrane for ...
Dec 1, 2018 - There is moderate-quality evidence that in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) defined by an abnormal 75-g two-hour glucose tolerance test, implementing changes in diet and adding physical activity together can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1201/p643.html
Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Warfarin to Prevent Stroke and Embolic Events in ...
Apr 1, 2019 - Direct oral anticoagulants are as likely as warfarin to prevent all strokes and systemic embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation and CKD stage 3. They do not increase the risk of major bleeding events. The evidence remains insufficient to make recommendations for the use of ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0401/p422.html
Deep Venous Thrombosis: Home vs. Inpatient Treatment - Cochrane for Clinicians - ...
Dec 1, 2018 - Patients treated at home with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) have lower rates of recurrent VTE than those treated in a hospital.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1201/p642.html
Pharmacologic Interventions for Apathy in Patients with Alzheimer Disease - Cochrane ...
Jan 1, 2019 - Methylphenidate may improve apathy in select patients with AD (mean difference [MD] = –4.99 on the apathy evaluation scale; 95% confidence interval [CI], –9.55 to –0.43), although the clinical significance associated with these findings remains unclear and the evidence is considered low...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0101/p14.html
Blood Pressure Targets for Patients with Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease - ...
Sep 1, 2018 - Achieving a target BP of 135/85 mm Hg or less does not decrease the risk of total cardiovascular events vs. treating to a target of 140 to 160/90 to 100 mm Hg. Further, treating to the lower BP target does not improve total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, or serious adverse effects.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0901/p276.html
The Role of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia - ...
Aug 1, 2018 - There is moderate-quality evidence that PPIs are more effective than placebo at relieving overall symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (number needed to treat [NNT] = 11). Low-quality evidence suggests a small benefit of PPI therapy compared with prokinetics, and little to no ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0801/p152.html
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Detection of Alzheimer Disease in Patients with Mild...
Jun 1, 2018 - There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the detection of progressive dementias in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These tests carry the risk of overdiagnosis of dementia and, therefore, overtreatment.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0601/p714.html
Effectiveness and Safety of Celecoxib for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis - ...
May 1, 2018 - Compared with placebo, celecoxib improves pain (number needed to treat [NNT] = 4) and clinical symptoms (NNT = 7), but it has no effect on physical function in patients with RA.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0501/p573.html
Individual Behavioral Counseling for Smoking Cessation - Cochrane for Clinicians - ...
Jul 1, 2018 - Individual behavioral counseling conducted by a trained therapist provides some benefit when compared with brief counseling and support; however, this benefit is less pronounced in the context of pharmacotherapy.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0701/p21.html
DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes...
Apr 1, 2018 - There is only limited-quality evidence that at-risk patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists are less likely to progress to diabetes (number needed to treat [NNT] = 23). Serious adverse events were more likely in patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists than in patients taking placebo ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0401/p437.html
Use of Niacin for Primary or Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular or Cerebrovascular ...
Apr 1, 2018 - Prescription niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) does not reduce myocardial infarctions, strokes, or overall mortality when used for primary or secondary prevention.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0401/p436.html
Written Action Plans for Self-Management of COPD Exacerbations - Cochrane for ...
Mar 1, 2018 - Written self-management plans, especially those that include guidance on smoking cessation, increase health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. They also decrease the need for respiratory-related hospital admissions among patients with high or low baseline risk.
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0301/p310.html
Injected Corticosteroids for Plantar Heel Pain - Cochrane for Clinicians - American ...
Feb 1, 2018 - There is low-quality evidence that corticosteroid injections slightly reduce heel pain at one month, but they make no significant difference beyond that time. Patients treated with corticosteroid injections were less likely to experience treatment failure—a designation that was defined ...
American Family Physician : Cochrane for Clinicians
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0201/p169.html
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