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Late Pregnancy Bleeding - American Family Physician

Apr 15, 2007 - Effective management of vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy requires recognition of potentially serious conditions, including placenta previa, placental abruption, and vasa previa. Placenta previa is commonly diagnosed on routine ultrasonography before 20 weeks' gestation, but in nearly ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0415/p1199.html

Shoulder Dystocia - American Family Physician

Apr 1, 2004 - Shoulder dystocia can be one of the most frightening emergencies in the delivery room. Although many factors have been associated with shoulder dystocia, most cases occur with no warning. Calm and effective management of this emergency is possible with recognition of the impaction and ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0401/p1707.html

Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Identification and Management - American Family Physician

Aug 1, 1998 - Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common diagnosis in obstetrics and carries an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Identification of IUGR is crucial because proper evaluation and management can result in a favorable outcome. Certain pregnancies are at high ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0801/p453.html

Ovarian Cancer: An Overview - American Family Physician

Sep 15, 2009 - Although ovarian cancer may occur at any age, it is more common in patients older than 50 years. Patients often present with nonspecific pelvic or abdominal symptoms. Initial diagnostic tests include transvaginal ultrasonography and serum cancer antigen 125 measurement; however, these ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0915/p609.html

Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - American Family Physician

Jul 1, 2009 - Gestational diabetes occurs in 5 to 9 percent of pregnancies in the United States and is growing in prevalence. It is a controversial entity, with conflicting guidelines and treatment protocols. Recent studies show that diagnosis and management of this disorder have beneficial effects ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0701/p57.html

Pregnancy Prevention in Adolescents - American Family Physician

Oct 15, 2004 - Although the pregnancy rate in adolescents has declined steadily in the past 10 years, it remains a major public health problem with lasting repercussions for the teenage mothers, their infants and families, and society as a whole. Successful strategies to prevent adolescent pregnancy ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1015/p1517.html

Preterm Labor - American Family Physician

Feb 15, 2010 - Preventing preterm delivery remains one of the great challenges in modern medicine. Preterm birth rates continue to increase and accounted for 12.7 percent of all U.S. births in 2005. The etiology of preterm delivery is unclear, but is likely to be complex and influenced by genetics and...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0215/p477.html

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery - American Family Physician

Aug 1, 2008 - Vaginal delivery is a natural process that usually does not require significant medical intervention. Management guided by current knowledge of the relevant screening tests and normal labor process can greatly increase the probability of an uncomplicated delivery and postpartum course. ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0801/p336.html

Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis - American Family Physician

May 15, 2000 - Up to 40 percent of postmenopausal women have symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Because the condition is attributable to estrogen deficiency, it may occur in premenopausal women who take antiestrogenic medications or who have medical or surgical conditions that result in decreased levels ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0515/p3090.html

Ectopic Pregnancy - American Family Physician

Feb 15, 2000 - Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases per 1,000 pregnancies in North America and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. Greater awareness of risk factors and improved technology (biochemical markers and ultrasonography) allow ectopic pregnancy to be ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0215/p1080.html

Practical Use of the Pessary - American Family Physician

May 1, 2000 - The pessary is an effective tool in the management of a number of gynecologic problems. The pessary is most commonly used in the management of pelvic support defects such as cystocele and rectocele. Pessaries can also be used in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The wide ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0501/p2719.html

Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery - American Family Physician

Oct 15, 2008 - The second stage of labor is a dynamic event that may require assistance when maternal efforts fail to effect delivery or when there are nonreassuring fetal heart tones. Therefore, knowing how to perform an operative vaginal delivery with forceps or vacuum is vital for family physicians...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1015/p953.html

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy - American Family Physician

Jul 1, 2008 - The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy has defined four categories of hypertension in pregnancy: chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. A maternal ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0701/p93.html

Repair of Obstetric Perineal Lacerations - American Family Physician

Oct 15, 2003 - Family physicians who deliver babies must frequently repair perineal lacerations after episiotomy or spontaneous obstetric tears. Effective repair requires a knowledge of perineal anatomy and surgical technique. Perineal lacerations are classified according to their depth. Sequelae of ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/1015/p1585.html

Oral Health During Pregnancy - American Family Physician

Apr 15, 2008 - Oral health care in pregnancy is often avoided and misunderstood by physicians, dentists, and patients. Evidence-based practice guidelines are still being developed. Research suggests that some prenatal oral conditions may have adverse consequences for the child. Periodontitis is ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0415/p1139.html

Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - American Family Physician

Nov 1, 2003 - Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common but controversial disorder. While no large randomized controlled trials show that screening for and treating gestational diabetes affect perinatal outcomes, multiple studies have documented an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/1101/p1767.html

Assessing Breast Cancer Risk in Women - American Family Physician

Dec 15, 2008 - Understanding modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that increase or decrease breast cancer risk allows family physicians to counsel women appropriately. Nonmodifiable factors associated with increased breast cancer risk include advanced age, female sex, family history of breast cancer, ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1215/p1361.html

Screening and Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy - American ...

Jul 15, 2007 - Many sexually transmitted infections are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends screening all pregnant women for human immunodeficiency virus infection as early as possible. Treatment with highly active antiretroviral ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0715/p265.html

Nonhormonal Therapies for Hot Flashes in Menopause - American Family Physician

Feb 1, 2006 - Numerous reports in the medical literature and popular media have discussed the effectiveness of various nonhormonal agents in reducing menopausal hot flash symptoms. Data for these therapies are limited, and most of the studies have been conducted in women with a history of breast ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0201/p457.html

Examination of the Placenta - American Family Physician

Mar 1, 1998 - A one-minute examination of the placenta performed in the delivery room provides information that may be important to the care of both mother and infant. The findings of this assessment should be documented in the delivery records. During the examination, the size, shape, consistency ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0301/p1045.html

Dystocia in Nulliparous Women - American Family Physician

Jun 1, 2007 - Dystocia is common in nulliparous women and is responsible for more than 50 percent of primary cesarean deliveries. Because cesarean delivery rates continue to rise, physicians providing maternity care should be skilled in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of dystocia. If labor ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0601/p1671.html

Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage: Managing the Third Stage of Labor - American Family ...

Mar 15, 2006 - Postpartum hemorrhage is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Most postpartum hemorrhages are caused by uterine atony and occur in the immediate postpartum period. Expectant or physiologic management of the third stage of labor has been compared with active ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0315/p1025.html

Down Syndrome: Prenatal Risk Assessment and Diagnosis - American Family Physician

Aug 15, 2000 - Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation. The risk of trisomy 21 is directly related to maternal age. All forms of prenatal testing for Down syndrome must be voluntary. A nondirective approach should be used when presenting patients ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0815/p825.html

Liver Disease in Pregnancy - American Family Physician

Feb 15, 1999 - Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. The course of acute hepatitis is unaffected by pregnancy, except in patients with hepatitis E and disseminated herpes simplex infections, in which maternal and fetal mortality rates are significantly increased. ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0215/p829.html

Screening for Breast Cancer: Current Recommendations and Future Directions - American ...

Jun 1, 2007 - Breast cancer is one of the most significant health concerns in the United States. Recent reviews have questioned the value of traditional breast cancer screening methods. Breast self-examination has been shown not to improve cancer-specific or all-cause mortality in large studies, but ...

American Family Physician : Article

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0601/p1660.html