Complication	Potential causes	Evaluation
Amenorrhea	Hypothalamic amenorrhea secondary to severe weight loss or major illness	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, and human chorionic gonadotropin measurements
Anxiety	Generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD	Anxiety screening tool, such as General Anxiety Disorder-7 (available at https://www.mdcalc.com/gad-7-general-anxiety-disorder-7)
Deconditioning	Anemia, critical illness myopathy or poly-neuropathy, muscle atrophy, malnutrition, drug therapy	CBC, iron panel, serum chemistries, serial body weight measurements
Depressed mood	Major depressive disorder, familial anxiety or depression, frustration with slow recovery, drug therapy, PTSD	Depression screening tool, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (available at https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1015/p508.html)
Fatigue	Anemia, insomnia, depression, muscle atrophy, poor nutrition, drug therapy, hypoxia	CBC, iron panel, serum chemistries, serial body weight measurements, physical therapy, sleep/depression questionnaire, oxygen saturation
Hair loss	Telogen effluvium secondary to severe weight loss or major illness	Thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement, CBC, ferritin measurement, antinuclear antibody testing to rule out other causes
Impaired memory, poor concentration, nightmares, hallucinations, distressing flashbacks, hyperarousal	PTSD	Primary Care PTSD Screen
Insomnia	Depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD	Sleep/depression questionnaire
Mobility issues	Critical illness myopathy or polyneuropathy, joint pain, joint stiffness, muscle weakness, deconditioning	Physical therapy, neurology consultation
Peripheral neuropathy, numbness, paresthesia	Critical illness polyneuropathy, iatrogenic causes (e.g., needle injury)	Neurology consultation, electromyography, nerve conduction velocity studies
Reduced appetite	Altered taste, swallowing difficulties, weakness of the pharyngeal muscles, drug therapy, psychological condition precluding patients from feeding themselves	Swallowing study
Shortness of breath	Newly acquired cardiopulmonary pathologies (e.g., pulmonary embolism, heart failure) or worsening pre-ICU pulmonary or cardiovascular disease; anemia, neuropathy, muscle atrophy, psychological factors	Imaging studies (e.g., chest radiography, chest computed tomography) if warranted, CBC, iron panel, reticulocyte count, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography
Stridor	Tracheal stenosis	Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck or upper endoscopy