What is the preferred medication for diabetes mellitus management in patients with end-stage renal disease?

Insulin is preferred for most patients who require medication. When the estimated glomerular filtration rate falls below 30 mL per minute per 1.73 m², many diabetes medications, including metformin, are contraindicated.

• https://www.aafp.org/afp/2021/1100/p493.html

What tests are performed in the diagnostic workup for vocal cord dysfunction?

The diagnostic workup for vocal cord dysfunction includes nasolaryngoscopy and pulmonary function testing (with provocative exercise and possibly methacholine).

• https://www.aafp.org/afp/2021/1100/p471.html

Does periodontal disease contribute to the development of other diseases?

Researchers in the United Kingdom found that patients with a documented diagnosis of periodontal disease were more likely than those without to have additional chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, and mental illness. This serves as a reminder that family physicians care for the entire person, including their oral health, and should encourage regular dental care.