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  • Consider pulmonary hypertension when evaluating patients with exertional dyspnea, progressive fatigue, syncope, pedal edema, or symptoms and signs of left-sided heart disease.
  • Use echocardiography as the initial noninvasive test to evaluate for pulmonary hypertension.
  • Understand the currently available pharmacotherapy treatment options for pulmonary hypertension.
  • Apply evidence-based guidelines when screening for and managing pulmonary nodules.
  • Recognize the features of pulmonary nodules that confer a higher risk of malignancy.
  • Recommend comprehensive weight loss strategies for patients who have obesity-hypoventilation syndrome.
  • Prescribe continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation with bilevel positive airway pressure during sleep for patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome.
  • List common causes of pleural effusions.
  • Describe how to differentiate transudative and exudative pleural effusions.

 

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