Pulmonary hypertension is a complex progressive disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure. Diagnosis requires early clinical suspicion based on symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, fatigue, syncope, and chest discomfort, with echocardiography as a first...
Pulmonary nodules are commonly detected during routine lung cancer screening on low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) or incidentally on other imaging. Approximately 1.6 million people in the United States are diagnosed with pulmonary nodules annually, with most being...
Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome is characterized by daytime hypercapnia (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 45 mm Hg or more) in a patient with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or more, in the absence of alternative causes of hypoventilation. It should be suspected...
Noninfectious pleural effusions arise from an imbalance between fluid entering and leaving the pleural space. Effusions are classified as transudative or exudative, based on protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Common symptoms are dyspnea, cough, and chest pain. Physical...
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