These key learning points summarize the consensus- and evidence-based recommendations included in this edition. The sources listed here for each statement recommend that physicians perform or implement these actions directly in a clinical setting. A = consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence; B = inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence; C = consensus, disease oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series. For information about the SORT evidence rating system, go to https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0201/p548.html.

1. Screen all children, adolescents, and adults for obesity using body mass index (BMI) for adults or percentile on the growth chart for patients ages 2 to 18 years as the primary screening tool.
Evidence rating: SORT C
Sources: Section 1, references 1, 19, and 27

2. In adults with overweight or obesity (ie, BMI 25 kg/m² or higher), assess cardiometabolic risk and fat distribution using anthropometric measures such as waist circumference in addition to BMI.
Evidence rating: SORT C
Source: Section 1, reference 27

3. Offer all patients with obesity a comprehensive lifestyle intervention that combines diet, physical activity, and behavioral support while allowing patient preference to guide diets and macronutrient composition.
Evidence rating: SORT B
Sources: Section 2, references 5 and 14

4. Recommend the Mediterranean diet for patients with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or secondary prevention.
Evidence rating: SORT A
Source: Section 2, reference 22

5. Pharmacotherapy should be offered for initial treatment of overweight and obesity for adults with weight-related comorbidities and for those at high risk of complications, and as a component of first-line treatment of patients with overweight and obesity without comorbidities.
Evidence rating: SORT C
Sources: Section 3, references 1 and 2

6. Offer metabolic and bariatric surgery to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity for eligible patients 13 years and older, without a prerequisite of lifestyle interventions or pharmacotherapy.
Evidence rating: SORT A for adults; SORT B for adolescents aged 13-17 years
Sources: Section 4, references 1, 9, and 12