Photo Quiz
Slow-Growing, Painless Periungual Nodule
Am Fam Physician. 2021 Sep ;104(2):299-302.
A 53-year-old patient presented with a painless lesion on the left third digit that had been slowly growing for about 20 years. The lesion arose after the patient removed an ingrown nail from the lateral nail bed. The cosmetic appearance of the nodule was bothersome to the patient, but it was otherwise asymptomatic. In 2008, the lesion was removed using shave excision, but it recurred and continued to grow slowly.
Physical examination revealed a hyperkeratotic, flesh-colored nodule measuring approximately 1 × 1 cm and located directly adjacent to the lateral nail bed of the left third digit (Figure 1). Plain radiographs of the finger revealed no cortical disruption, periosteal reaction, or suspicious lytic or blastic lesions. The patient had no systemic symptoms, unexplained weight loss, or other notable cutaneous lesions.
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Question
Based on the patient's history and physical examination findings, which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acquired digital fibrokeratoma.
B. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
C. Glomus tumor.
D. Osteochondroma.
E. Superficial acral fibromyxoma.
Discussion
The answer is E: superficial acral fibromyxoma, a rare soft-tissue neoplasm. This patient has the typical presentation of a benign, slow-growing, firm, pink to flesh-colored nodule with a predilection for the periungual or subungual region of the digits or toes. The mean age at diagnosis is 50 years, and the male to female ratio is 1.3 to 1.1 The average tumor size at diagnosis is 1.7 cm (range of 0.5 cm to 5 cm).1,2 In one study, 41% of patients presented with a painful mass.1 Histologically, these tumors are well-circumscribed and comprised of short spindle cells in a myxoid stroma. The recurrence rate exceeds 20%.3 Complete surgical excision with clear margins is recommended.3
Acquired digital fibrokeratomas are benign, typically asymptomatic growths. They tend to be smaller, well-defined, hyperkeratotic, flesh-colored papules with a narrow stalk.4 They are characterized by a collarette of epidermis surrounding the stalk and histologically do not have a myxoid component.4,5
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a malignant, locally aggressive soft tissue sarcoma. It can present as nodules coalescing into plaques that often resemble a keloid.6 They do not tend to occur on the digits.4
A glomus tumor is a rare, benign tumor arising from glomus bodies, which are dermal components involved in thermoregulation. The tumor most often presents as a solitary, blanchable, red-blue subungual or acral papule or nodule. It is typically
References
show all references1. Prescott RJ, Husain EA, Abdellaoui A, et al. Superficial acral fibromyxoma: a clinicopathological study of new 41 cases from the U.K.: should myxoma (NOS) and fibroma (NOS) continue as part of 21st-century reporting? Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(6):1315–1321....
2. Hollmann TJ, Bovée JVMG, Fletcher CDM. Digital fibromyxoma (superficial acral fibromyxoma): a detailed characterization of 124 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(6):789–798.
3. Al-Daraji WI, Miettinen M. Superficial acral fibromyxoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 32 tumors including 4 in the heel. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35(11):1020–1026.
4. Hanson M. Acquired digital fibrokeratoma (acral fibrokeratoma). DermatologyAdvisor. Accessed October 26, 2020. https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/acquired-digital-fibrokeratoma-acral-fibrokeratoma/
5. Junkins-Hopkins JM. Super ficial acral fibromy xoma. DermatologyAdvisor. Accessed October 26, 2020. https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/superficial-acral-fibromyxoma/
6. Wolff K, Johnson RA, Roh EK, et al. Cutaneous lymphomas and sarcoma. In: Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology. 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2017:480.
This series is coordinated by John E. Delzell Jr., MD, MSPH, associate medical editor.
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