Botulinum Toxin Procedures: A Practical Approach to Cosmetic Injections

Botulinum toxin injection offers predictable results, has few adverse effects, and is associated with high patient satisfaction. A review of facial anatomy, injection techniques, and complications for cosmetic botulinum toxin treatment, with a focus on glabellar lines, is presented.

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Severe Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

Severe hypertension is defined as a blood pressure of 180/110 to 120 mm Hg or greater in the absence of new or worsening target organ damage. Multiple trials have shown no short-term benefit of treatment, which has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury, longer hospital stay, and mortality.

HIV Infection: What Is New in Prevention and Treatment?

Despite significant advances in prevention and treatment, approximately 1.2 million Americans live with HIV. New developments in the care of patients with HIV include updated screening strategies, expanded prevention and treatment options, and management recommendations for long-term health. Familyphysicians can deliver comprehensive care by integrating HIV-specific interventions with primary care.
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Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Children commonly ingest foreign objects; prompt evaluation, imaging, and object-specific management may be necessary.

Thrombocytosis: Rapid Evidence Review

Thrombocytosis is defined by guidelines as a platelet count of 450 × 103/μL or greater. Elevated platelet counts result from a primary condition or secondary cause. Secondary causes of thrombocytosis must be ruled out before a primary diagnosis may be made.

Vaccine Adverse Effects: An Overview

Family physicians should be aware of the risks and benefits of recommended immunizations to accurately counsel about adverse effects and address vaccine hesitancy.

Systemic Sclerosis: Evaluation and Treatment

Systemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin fibrosis and associated with high morbidity. Early diagnosis is critical and requires a comprehensive, individualized approach.

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