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Diagnostic Tests

Temporal Artery Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis

Karissa Allan Thal, MD
Amaal Starling, MD
Fred Cohen, MD

American Family Physician. 2025;111(3):258-259.

Author disclosure: No relevant financial relationships.

KARISSA ALLAN THAL, MD, Mount Nittany Medical Center, State College, Pennsylvania

AMAAL STARLING, MD, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona

FRED COHEN, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

Address correspondence to Karissa Allan Thal, MD, at Karissa.Thal@mountnittany.org.

Author disclosure: No relevant financial relationships.

  1. 1.Cristaudo AT, Mizumoto R, Hendahewa R. The impact of temporal artery biopsy on surgical practice. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016;11:47-51.
  2. 2.He J, Williamson L, Ng B, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of temporal artery ultrasound and temporal artery biopsy in giant cell arteritis: a single center Australian experience over 10 years. Int J Rheum Dis. 2022;25(4):447-453.
  3. 3.Pouncey AL, Yeldham G, Magan T, et al. Halo sign on temporal artery ultrasound versus temporal artery biopsy for giant cell arteritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024(2):CD013199.
  4. 4.Luqmani R, Lee E, Singh S, et al. The role of ultrasound compared to biopsy of temporal arteries in the diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis (TABUL): a diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness study. Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(90):1-238.
  5. 5.Schmidt WA. Ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57(suppl 2):ii22-ii31.
  6. 6.Parreau S, Liozon E, Chen JJ, et al. Temporal artery biopsy: a technical guide and review of its importance and indications. Surv Ophthalmol. 2023;68(1):104-112.
  7. 7.Gensler LS. Glucocorticoids: complications to anticipate and prevent. Neurohospitalist. 2013;3(2):92-97.
  8. 8.Nakajima E, Moon FH, Junior NC, et al. Accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Rheumatol. 2023;63(1):5.
  9. 9.Hansen MS, Terslev L, Jensen MR, et al. Comparison of temporal artery ultrasound versus biopsy in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Eye (Lond). 2023;37(2):344-349.
  10. 10.Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory fee schedule. Accessed February 1, 2025. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ClinicalLabFeeSched/Clinical-Laboratory-Fee-Schedule-Files

This series is coordinated by Natasha Pyzocha, DO, contributing editor.

A collection of Diagnostic Tests published in AFP is available at https://www.aafp.org/afp/diagnostic.

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High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy for Infants With Bronchiolitis
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Berdazimer (Zelsuvmi) for the Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum

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