November 2025

Treatment decisions at the end of life should reflect patient-centered goals and quality of life while considering overall prognosis and limiting adverse effects and treatment burden.

Vaginitis is a common condition that results in 5 to 10 million office visits annually. The most common infectious causes are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Noninfectious causes include atrophic, irritant, and inflammatory vaginitis.

When assessing disorders of puberty, physicians should focus on clinical and family history, growth, and pubertal examination. Specialist evaluation by pediatric endocrinology is often indicated when examination results are not consistent with a benign variation of puberty.

Acute low back pain is a common condition presenting to primary care physicians, with nonspecific back pain accounting for most instances; treatment for these instances is conservative. Patients with red flag symptoms require immediate attention.

Low socioeconomic status, female sex, age younger than 5 years, and chronic inflammation increase risk for iron deficiency anemia. A ferritin level of less than 45 ng/mL is diagnostic in adults without inflammation; a level less than 100 ng/mL is diagnostic in patients with…

The most significant risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip, the most common joint condition in infants, are breech positioning in the third trimester and family history of hip dysplasia. Diagnosis is based on age-specific physical examination maneuvers and imaging…

This editorial summarizes the evidence from the 2025 report Trauma Informed Care: A Systematic Review and propose pragmatic approaches for primary care clinicians.

For 75 years, American Family Physician has provided readers with updates about innovations in diabetes care.

Providing dietary and feeding practice advice to mothers or other primary caregivers reduces the risk of early childhood caries in primary teeth by approximately 15% compared with standard care.

Studies of up to 12 weeks’ duration show that resistance training during cancer treatment decreases cancer-related fatigue compared with no training. It is unclear if this training improves quality of life, and there is insufficient evidence to determine whether there are risks…

Unrestricted gaming and screen time can lead to dependence and unhealthy behaviors. Research endorses a multidisciplinary, integrative approach that focuses on behavior screening and preventing the adverse effects of excessive gaming.

Intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections delay total knee arthroscopy (TKA) by up to 299 days, with multiple courses delaying surgery up to 59 months. Approximately 84% of patients receiving these injections do not undergo TKA within 2 years.

A 58-year-old man presented with a pruritic rash on his forearm that had been present for 3 months.

A 71-year-old man presented with progressive black discoloration on both feet.

Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution provides rapid symptom relief from dry eye and appears to be well tolerated in clinical studies, but its practical value may be limited. A complicated, four-times-daily dosing schedule and high cost may hinder broader clinical adoption.

POEMs

POEMs

POEMs

POEMs

The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have released guidelines for the management of PAD.

The American Academy of Dermatology released updated guidelines for the management of acne.

Letters to the Editor

Reply: Afi M. Semenya; Prakhya Bhatnagar

Incorrect Vitamin D levels. In the article “Routine Vitamin D Testing: Unnecessary and Ineffective” (Lown Right Care: Reducing Overuse and Underuse, September 2024, p. 302), Vitamin D levels were incorrectly stated in the Case Scenario, Clinical Commentary, and Conclusions…

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