Family medicine: A specialty of comprehensive primary care

pregnant mom with young daughter seeing young african American female doctor.

Family physicians are the only specialists qualified to treat most ailments and give comprehensive health care to people of all ages—from newborns to seniors.

Being a family physician means:

  • Caring

    for patients regardless of their age or health condition, in an enduring and trusting doctor-patient relationship

  • Understanding

    the community and social factors that affect your patients' health

  • Serving

    as your patients' first contact when they’re worried about their health

  • Guiding

    your patients through the health care system, including visits to other specialists, hospital care and follow-up care

  • Enhancing

    health care using data, technology and coordination with other clinicians

  • Considering

    how your patients' health affects their entire families

What makes family medicine unique?

It’s the combination of passion for patients and a depth of knowledge of the human body that makes family medicine such a unique, effective specialty. Evidence shows that when people have regular access to a primary care doctor like a family physician, they enjoy:

  • Longer, healthier lives
  • Lower overall health care costs
  • Higher immunization rates
  • Lower infant mortality
  • Higher birth weights

The American Academy of Family Physicians is the only medical society devoted solely to primary care that represents physicians and medical students nationwide.


The role of family physicians in health care

Family physicians provide the majority of care for America’s underserved rural and urban populations. In addition to diagnosing and treating illness, they also provide preventive care, including routine checkups, health-risk assessments, immunization, screening tests and personalized counseling on maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Family physicians also manage chronic illness, often coordinating care with other specialists. From heart disease, stroke and hypertension, to diabetes, cancer and asthma, family physicians provide ongoing, personal care for the nation’s most serious health problems.

Family medicine covers a wide range of services

Family physicians are trained to perform many procedures

  • Colposcopy/LEEP

  • Colonoscopy

  • Endoscopy

  • Family planning, and early pregnancy evaluation and management

  • Musculoskeletal injections

  • Skin procedures

  • Suturing lacerations

  • Ultrasound imaging

  • Vasectomy


Expertise and training in family medicine

Family physicians complete extensive training beyond medical school so they can provide the best possible patient care. This includes a three-year residency and in-depth training across the human lifespan from birth to death. Many family physicians take their training even further, with additional fellowships and qualifications in concentrations like adolescent medicine, emergency medicine, faculty development and more.

Family medicine residents receive training in six major areas

  • Pediatrics

  • Obstetrics and gynecology

  • Internal medicine

  • Psychiatry and neurology

  • Surgery

  • Community medicine


Why family medicine matters for communities

Family doctors make entire communities healthier. They’ve chosen the most versatile of all physician specialties—one that offers comprehensive medical care to patients of all genders and all ages, and considers how community and social factors affect the health of each patient.

As multipurpose specialists, family physicians are also flexible. They deliver care in a variety of settings, from office practices and hospitals to in-patient facilities and health centers. When the needs of their communities and patients evolve, family physicians adapt their procedures and skills to match, always tailoring their clinical services to the unique situations of the patients who put their trust in all that family doctors offer.

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