Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Family Physician Role

Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions that primarily affect neurological growth and development, causing intellectual disability and delayed development of speech and motor skills. Neurodevelopmental disorders include but are not limited to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, conduct disorders, and sensory impairments to include blindness and moderate to severe hearing loss.[1]

Family physicians play an important role in early identification, diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of neurodevelopmental disorders, providing continuity of care across the lifespan. Their role includes developmental surveillance during routine visits, use of validated screening tools, recognition of early signs, timely referrals for specialized evaluation and intervention, monitoring of co-occurring conditions, and patient and family education. Family physicians collaborate with pediatric, neurologic, developmental, behavioral, educational, allied health professionals, and community partners to ensure comprehensive, integrated care.

The AAFP advocates for access to timely, coordinated, evidence-based care for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and their families. The Academy supports initiatives that strengthen timely neurodevelopmental screenings, referral pathways, and access to evidence-based medical, behavioral, and educational services throughout life for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. (May 2026 BC)

[1] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health. (n.d.). Neurodevelopmental disorders. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/neurodevelopmental-disorders-topic-guide