Birth through age 18 immunization schedules

• For calculating intervals between doses, 4 weeks=28 days. Intervals of ≥4 months are determined by calendar months.
• Within a number range (e.g., 12–18), a dash (–) should be read as “through.”
• Vaccine doses administered ≤4 days before the minimum age or interval are considered valid. Doses of any vaccine administered ≥5 days earlier than the minimum age or minimum interval should not be counted as valid and should be repeated. The repeat dose should be spaced after the invalid dose by the recommended minimum interval.
• Information on travel vaccination requirements and recommendations is available at www.cdc.gov/travel.
• For vaccination of persons with immunodeficiencies, see Table 8-1, Vaccination of persons with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-best-practices/alteredimmunocompetence.html, and Immunization in Special Clinical Circumstances (In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Red Book: 2021–2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd ed.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021:72–86).
• For information about vaccination in the setting of a vaccine–preventable disease outbreak, contact your state or local health department.
• The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a no-fault alternative to the traditional legal system for resolving vaccine injury claims. All vaccines included in the adult immunization schedule except PPSV23, RSV, RZV, mpox and COVID–19 vaccines are covered by the VICP. COVID-19 vaccines that are authorized or approved by the FDA are covered by the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP). For more information, see National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program or www. hrsa.gov/cicp.

Minimum age: 6 months

Universal vaccination for ages 6-23 months; Risk-based dose for ages 2-18 years (with access upon request for families seeking protection).

2025–26 COVID-19 vaccines

• 6 months–23 months: Moderna (Spikevax)
• 5–18 years: Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty)
• 12–18 years: Moderna (mNexspike)
• 12–18 years: Novavax (Nuvaxovid)

Routine vaccination

Age 6 months–23 months

• Unvaccinated (i.e., never received any COVID-19 vaccine doses)
  • 2 doses Moderna Spikevax 0, 4–8 weeks
• Incomplete initial vaccination series:
  • 1 dose Moderna: complete initial series with 1 dose 4–8 weeks after most recent dose of Spikevax
  • 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 2 doses Moderna Spikevax at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 3–8 weeks after most recent dose)
  • 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 1 dose Moderna Spikevax at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose
• Completed initial vaccination series:
  • 1 dose Moderna Spikevax at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose

Special situations

Age 2–18 years in the following risk groups*: persons at high risk of severe COVID-19, residents of long-term care facilities or other congregate settings, persons who have never been vaccinated against COVID-19, persons whose household contacts are at high risk for severe COVID-19

• Ages 2–4 years: 1 dose of Moderna Spikevax regardless of previous vaccination status at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose
• Ages 5-11 years: 1 dose of Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty regardless of previous vaccination status at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose
• Ages 12–18 years:
  • 1 dose of Moderna Spikevax, Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty, or Novavax Nuvaxovid regardless of previous vaccination status at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose
  • 1 dose of Moderna mNexspike regardless of previous vaccination status at least 12 weeks after the last dose was received.

Children 2 through 18 years of age not included in the risk groups above whose parent or guardian desires their protection from COVID-19 should be offered a single dose of age-appropriate COVID-19 vaccine.

Use any available COVID-19 vaccine appropriate by age and health status that is approved by the FDA through a biologics license application. The most updated version of the COVID-19 vaccine that is available should be used. *Refer to the AAFP's COVID-19 vaccinations clinical guidance for more information on risk groups, immunizations and vaccines.

Persons who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. People eligible for additional doses include those who are receiving active cancer treatment for tumors or cancers of the blood, those who received an organ transplant and are taking medicine to suppress the immune system, those who received a hematopoietic cell transplant within the last 2 years or are taking medicine to suppress the immune system, those with moderate or severe primary immunodeficiency (such as DiGeorge syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome), those with advanced or untreated HIV infection, and those with active treatment with high-dose corticosteroids or other drugs that may suppress an immune response. For revaccination guidance for children with hematologic malignancy post-hematopoietic cell transplant or CAR T-cell therapy, refer to: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.14109.

Age 6 months–4 years moderately or severely immunocompromised

• Unvaccinated:
  • 4 doses (3-dose initial series Moderna Spikevax at 0, 4 weeks, and at least 4 weeks after dose 2, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax 6 months later [minimum interval 2 months]). May administer additional doses.**
• Incomplete initial 3-dose vaccination series:
  • Previous vaccination with Moderna
    • 1 dose Moderna: complete initial series with 2 doses Moderna Spikevax at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 Moderna Spikevax 4 weeks after most recent dose), followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax.**
    • 2 doses Moderna: complete initial series with 1 dose Moderna Spikevax at least 4 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax.**
  • Previous vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech
    • 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 2 doses Moderna Spikevax at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 Moderna Spikevax 3 weeks after most recent dose), followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax.**
    • 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 1 dose Moderna Spikevax at least 8 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months).
  • Previously completed initial 3-dose vaccination series with:
    • 3 or more doses Moderna: 2 doses Moderna Spikevax 6 months apart (minimum interval 2 months). Administer dose 1 at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose. May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax.**
    • 3 or more doses Pfizer-BioNTech: 2 doses Moderna Spikevax 6 months apart (minimum interval 2 months). Administer dose 1 at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose. May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax.**

Age 5–11 years moderately or severely immunocompromised

Use vaccine from the same manufacturer for all doses in the initial vaccination series.

• Unvaccinated:
  • 4 doses (3-dose initial series Moderna Spikevax at 0, 4 weeks, and at least 4 weeks after dose 2, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later [minimum interval 2 months]). May administer additional doses.**
  • 4 doses (3-dose initial series Pfizer-BioNTech at 0, 3 weeks, and at least 4 weeks after dose 2, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later [minimum interval 2 months]). May administer additional doses.**
• Incomplete initial 3-dose vaccination series:
  • Previous vaccination with Moderna
    • 1 dose Moderna Spikevax: complete initial series with 2 doses Moderna Spikevax at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 Moderna Spikevax 4 weeks after most recent dose), followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
    • 2 doses Moderna Spikevax: complete initial series with 1 dose Moderna Spikevax at least 4 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
• Previous vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech
  • 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 Pfizer-BioNTech 3 weeks after most recent dose), followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna or PfizerBioNTech.**
  • 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech at least 4 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna Spikevax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
• Completed initial 3-dose vaccination series with:
  • 3 or more doses Moderna or 3 or more doses PfizerBioNTech: 2 doses Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months apart (minimum interval 2 months). Administer dose 1 at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose. May administer additional doses of Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech.**

Age 12–18 years moderately or severely immunocompromised

Use vaccine from the same manufacturer for all doses in the initial vaccination series. Either Moderna product (Spikevax or mNexspike) can be used unless otherwise specified.

• Unvaccinated:
  • 4 doses (3-dose initial series Moderna at 0, 4 weeks, and at least 4 weeks after dose 2, followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later [minimum interval 2 months]). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
  • 4 doses (3-dose initial series Pfizer-BioNTech at 0, 3 weeks, and at least 4 weeks after dose 2, followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later [minimum interval 2 months]). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
  • 3 doses (2-dose initial series Novavax at 0, 3 weeks, followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later [minimum interval 2 months]). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
• Incomplete initial vaccination series:
  • Previous vaccination with Moderna
    • 1 dose Moderna: complete initial series with 2 doses Moderna at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 Moderna 4 weeks after most recent dose), followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
    • 2 doses Moderna: complete initial series with 1 dose Moderna at least 4 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
  • Previous vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech
    • 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech at least 4 weeks apart (administer dose 1 Pfizer-BioNTech 3 weeks after most recent dose), followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or PfizerBioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
    • 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech: complete initial series with 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech at least 4 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
  • Previous vaccination with Novavax
    • 1 dose Novavax: complete initial series with 1 dose Novavax at least 3 weeks after most recent dose, followed by 1 dose Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months later (minimum interval 2 months). May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
  • Completed initial 3-dose vaccination series with:
    • 3 or more doses Moderna or 3 or more doses PfizerBioNTech: 2 doses Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months apart (minimum interval 2 months). Administer dose 1 at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose. May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**
    • 2 or more doses Novavax: 2 doses Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech 6 months apart (minimum interval 2 months). Administer dose 1 at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose. May administer additional doses of Moderna or Novavax or Pfizer-BioNTech.**

**Additional doses of COVID-19 vaccine for moderately or severely immunocompromised: based on shared clinical decision making and administered at least 2 months after the most recent dose.

Minimum age: 9 years

Routine vaccination

• Age 9-16 years living in areas with endemic dengue AND have laboratory confirmation of previous dengue infection
  • 3-dose series administered at 0, 6, and 12 months
• Endemic areas include Puerto Rico, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. For updated guidance on dengue endemic areas and pre-vaccination laboratory testing see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/rr/rr7006a1.htm?s_%20cid=rr7006a1_w and www.cdc.gov/dengue/hcp/vaccine.
• Dengue vaccine should not be administered to children traveling to or visiting endemic dengue areas.

Minimum Age: Age 6 weeks (4 years for Kinrix or Quadracel).

Routine vaccination

5-dose series (3-dose primary series at age 2, 4, and 6 months, followed by booster doses at ages 15–18 months and 4–6 years)

• Prospectively: Dose 4 may be administered as early as age 12 months if at least 6 months have elapsed since dose 3.
• Retrospectively: A 4th dose that was inadvertently administered as early as age 12 months may be counted if at least 4 months have elapsed since dose 3.

Catch-up vaccination

• Dose 5 is not necessary if dose 4 was administered at age 4 years or older and at least 6 months after dose 3.
• For other catch-up guidance, see Table 2.

Special situations

• Children younger than age 7 years with a contraindication specific to the pertussis component of DTaP: May administer Td for all recommended remaining doses in place of DTaP. Encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccination when not attributable to another identifiable cause is the only contraindication specific to the pertussis component of DTaP. For additional information, see www.cdc.gov/pertussis/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/td-offlabel.html.
• Wound management in children younger than age 7 years with history of 3 or more doses of tetanus-toxoid containing vaccine: For all wounds except clean and minor wounds, administer DTaP if more than 5 years since last dose of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine. For detailed information, see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/rr/rr6702a1.htm.

Minimum age: 6 weeks

Routine vaccination

• ActHIB, Hiberix, Pentacel, or Vaxelis: 4-dose series (3-dose primary series at age 2, 4, and 6 months, followed by a booster dose at age 12–15 months)
  • Vaxelis is not recommended for use as a booster dose. A different Hib-containing vaccine should be used for the booster dose.
• PedvaxHIB: 3-dose series (2-dose primary series at age 2 and 4 months, followed by a booster dose at age 12–15 months)
• American Indian and Alaska Native infants: Vaxelis and PedvaxHIB preferred over other Hib vaccines for the primary series.

Catch-up vaccination

• Dose 1 at age 7–11 months: Administer dose 2 at least 4 weeks later and dose 3 (final dose) at age 12–15 months or 8 weeks after dose 2 (whichever is later).
• Dose 1 at age 12–14 months: Administer dose 2 (final dose) at least 8 weeks after dose 1.
• Dose 1 before age 12 months and dose 2 before age 15 months: Administer dose 3 (final dose) at least 8 weeks after dose 2.
• 2 doses of PedvaxHIB before age 12 months: Administer dose 3 (final dose) at age 12–59 months and at least 8 weeks after dose 2.
• 1 dose administered at age 15 months or older: No further doses needed.
• Unvaccinated at age 15–59 months: Administer 1 dose.
• Previously unvaccinated children age 60 months or older who are not considered high risk: Do not require catch-up vaccination.
• For other catch-up guidance, see Table 2. Vaxelis can be used for catch-up vaccination in children younger than age 5 years. Follow the catch-up schedule even if Vaxelis is used for one or more doses. For detailed information on use of Vaxelis, see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6905a5.htm.

Special situations

• Chemotherapy or radiation treatment:

Age 12–59 months

• Unvaccinated or only 1 dose before age 12 months: 2 doses, 8 weeks apart
  • 2 or more doses before age 12 months: 1 dose at least 8 weeks after previous dose

Doses administered within 14 days of starting therapy or during therapy should be repeated at least 3 months after therapy completion.

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT):
  • 3-dose series 4 weeks apart starting 6 to 12 months after successful transplant, regardless of Hib vaccination history
• Anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease):

Age 12–59 months

• Unvaccinated or only 1 dose before age 12 months: 2 doses, 8 weeks apart
  • 2 or more doses before age 12 months: 1 dose at least 8 weeks after previous dose
  • Unvaccinated or only 1 dose before age 12 months: 2 doses, 8 weeks apart
  • 2 or more doses before age 12 months:1 dose at least 8 weeks after previous dose

Ages 5 years or older

• Unvaccinated*:
  • 1 dose
• Elective splenectomy:

Age 15 months or older

• Unvaccinated*: 1 dose (preferably at least 14 days before procedure)
• HIV infection:

Age 12–59 months

• Unvaccinated or only 1 dose before age 12 months: 2 doses, 8 weeks apart
  • 2 or more doses before age 12 months: 1 dose at least 8 weeks after previous dose

Age 5–18 years

• Unvaccinated*: 1 dose
• Immunoglobulin deficiency, earlycomponent complement deficiency , or early component complement inhibitor use:

Age 12–59 months

• Unvaccinated or only 1 dose before age 12 months: 2 doses, 8 weeks apart
  • 2 or more doses before age 12 months: 1 dose at least 8 weeks after previous dose

*Unvaccinated = Less than routine series (through age 14 months) OR no doses (age 15 months or older)

Minimum age: 12 months for routine vaccination

Routine vaccination

2-dose series (minimum interval: 6 months) at age 12–23 months

Catch-up vaccination

• Unvaccinated persons through age 18 years should complete a 2-dose series (minimum interval: 6 months).
• Persons who previously received 1 dose at age 12 months or older should receive dose 2 at least 6 months after dose 1.
• Adolescents age 18 years or older may receive HepA-HepB (Twinrix) as a 3-dose series (0, 1, and 6 months) or 4-dose series (3 doses at 0, 7, and 21–30 days, followed by a booster dose at 12 months).

International travel

• Persons traveling to or working in countries with high or intermediate endemic hepatitis A (http://www.cdc.gov/travel/):
  • Infants age 6–11 months: 1 dose before departure; revaccinate with 2 doses (separated by at least 6 months) between age 12–23 months.
  • Unvaccinated age 12 months or older: Administer dose 1 as soon as travel is considered.

Minimum age: Birth

Routine vaccination

• Mother is HBsAg-negative
  • 3-dose series at age 0, 1–2, 6–18 months (use monovalent HepB vaccine for doses administered before age 6 weeks)
    • Birth weight ≥2,000 grams: 1 dose within 24 hours of birth if medically stable
    • Birth weight <2,000 grams: 1 dose at chronological age 1 month or hospital discharge (whichever is earlier and even if weight is still <2,000 grams
  • Infants who did not receive a birth dose should begin the series as soon as possible (see Table 2 for minimum intervals).
  • Administration of 4 doses is permitted when a combination vaccine containing HepB is used after the birth dose.
  • Minimum intervals (see Table 2): when 4 doses are administered, substitute “dose 4” for “dose 3” in these calculations.
  • Final (3rd or 4th) dose: age 6–18 months (minimum age 24 weeks)
• Mother is HBsAg-positive
  • Birth dose (monovalent HepB vaccine only): administer HepB vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) (in separate limbs) within 12 hours of birth, regardless of birth weight.
  • Birth weight <2000 grams: administer 3 additional dosesof HepB vaccine beginning at age 1 month (total of 4 doses).
  • Final (3rd or 4th) dose: administer at age 6 months (minimum age 24 weeks)
  • Test for HBsAg and anti-HBs at age 9–12 months. If HepB series is delayed, test 1–2 months after final dose. Do not test before age 9 months.
• Mother is HBsAg-unknown 
  • If other evidence suggestive of maternal hepatitis B infection exists (e.g., presence of HBV DNA, HBeAg-positive, or mother known to have chronic hepatitis B infection), manage infant as if mother is HBsAg-positive.
    • Birth dose (monovalent HepB vaccine only):
      • Birth weight ≥2,000 grams: administer HepB vaccine within 12 hours of birth. Determine mother’s HBsAg status as soon as possible. If mother is determined to be HBsAg-positive, administer HBIG as soon as possible (in separatelimb), but no later than 7 days of age.
      • Birth weight <2,000 grams: administer HepB vaccine and HBIG (in separate limbs) within 12 hours of birth. Administer 3 additional doses of HepB vaccine beginning at age 1 month (total of 4 doses).
  • Final (3rd or 4th) dose: administer at age 6 months (minimum age 24 weeks)
  • If mother is determined to be HBsAg-positive or if status remains unknown, test for HBsAg and anti-HBs at age 9–12 months. If HepB series is delayed, test 1–2 months after final dose. Do not test before age 9 months.

Catch-up vaccination

• Unvaccinated persons should complete a 3-dose series at 0, 1–2, 6 months. See Table 2 for minimum intervals.
• Adolescents age 11–15 years may use an alternative 2-dose schedule with at least 4 months between doses (adult formulation Recombivax HB only).
• Adolescents age 18 years may receive:
  • Heplisav-B: 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart
  • HepA-HepB (Twinrix): 3-dose series (0, 1, and 6 months) or 4-dose series (3 doses at 0, 7, and 21–30 days, followed by a booster dose at 12 months).

Special situations

Revaccination is not generally recommended for persons with a normal immune status who were vaccinated as infants, children, adolescents, or adults.

Post-vaccination serology testing and revaccination (if anti-HBs <10mlU/mL) is recommended for certain populations, including:

• Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers
• Persons who are predialysis or on maintenance dialysis
• Other immunocompromised persons
• For detailed revaccination recommendations, see http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1.

Minimum age: 9 years

Routine and catch-up vaccination

HPV vaccination routinely recommended at age 11–12 years (can start at age 9 years) and catch-up HPV vaccination recommended for all persons through age 18 years if not adequately vaccinated

• 2- or 3-dose series depending on age at initial vaccination:
  • Age 9–14 years at initial vaccination: 2-dose series at 0, 6–12 months (minimum interval: 5 months; repeat dose if administered too soon)
  • Age 15 years or older at initial vaccination: 3-dose series at 0, 1–2 months, 6 months (minimum intervals: dose 1 to dose 2: 4 weeks / dose 2 to dose 3: 12 weeks / dose 1 to dose3: 5 months; repeat dose if administered too soon)
• No additional dose recommended when any HPV vaccine series of any valency has been completed using recommended dosing intervals.

Special situations

• Immunocompromising conditions, including HIV infection: 3-dose series, even for those who initiate vaccination at age 9 through 14 years.
• History of sexual abuse or assault: Start at age 9 years
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy testing not needed before vaccination; HPV vaccination not recommended until after pregnancy; no intervention needed if vaccinated while pregnant.

Minimum age:

• 6 months [IIV3]
• 2 years [LAIV3]
• 9 years [RIV3]

Routine vaccination

• Use any influenza vaccine appropriate for age and health status annually. All marketed U.S. vaccines are trivalent this season (2025-26).
  • Age 6 months–8 years who have received fewer than 2 influenza vaccine doses before July 1, or whose influenza vaccination history is unknown: 2 doses, separated by at least 4 weeks. Administer dose 2 even if the child turns 9 years between receipt of dose 1 and dose 2.
  • Age 6 months–8 years who have received at least 2 influenza vaccine doses before July 1: 1 dose
  • Age 9 years or older: 1 dose
  • Age 18 years solid organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive medications: high-dose inactivated (HD-IIV3) and adjuvanted inactivated (aIIV3) influenza vaccines are acceptable options. No preference over other age-appropriate IIV3 or RIV3.
• For the 2025-2026 season, see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7432a2.htm.

Special situations

Close contacts (e.g., household contacts) of severely immunosuppressed persons who require a protected environment: should not receive LAIV3. If LAIV3 is given, they should avoid contact with or caring for such immunosuppressed persons for 7 days after vaccination.

Note: Persons with an egg allergy can receive any influenza vaccine (egg-based and non-egg-based) appropriate for age and health status.

Minimum age: 12 months for routine vaccination

Routine vaccination

• 2-dose series at age 12–15 months, age 4–6 years
• MMR or MMRV* may be administered

Note: For dose 1 in children age 12–47 months, it is recommended to administer MMR and varicella vaccines separately. MMRV* may be used if parents or caregivers express a preference.

Catch-up vaccination

• Unvaccinated children and adolescents: 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart
• The maximum age for use of MMRV* is 12 years.
• Minimum interval between MMRV doses: 3 months

Special situations

• International travel
  • Infants age 6–11 months: 1 dose before departure; revaccinate with 2-dose series at age 12–15 months (12 months for children in high-risk areas) and dose 2 as early as 4 weeks later.
  • Unvaccinated children age 12 months or older: 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart before departure

In mumps outbreak settings, for information about additional doses of MMR (including 3rd dose of MMR), see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6701a7.htm

*Note: If MMRV is used, the minimum interval between MMRV doses is 3 months.

Minimum age:

• 2 months [MenACWY-CRM, Menveo]
• 2 years [MenACWY-TT, MenQuadfi]
• 10 years [MenACWY-TT/MenB-FHbp, Penbraya]; [MenACWY-CRM/MenB-4C, Penmenvy]

Routine vaccination

2-dose series at age 11–12 years; 16 years

Catch-up vaccination

• Age 13–15 years: 1 dose now and booster at age 16–18 years (minimum interval: 8 weeks)
• Age 16–18 years: 1 dose

Special situations

Anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), HIV infection, persistent complement component deficiency, complement inhibitor (e.g., eculizumab, ravulizumab) use:

• Menveo*
  • Dose 1 at age 2 months: 4-dose series (additional 3 doses at age 4, 6, and 12 months)
  • Dose 1 at age 3–6 months: 3- or 4-dose series (dose 2 [and dose 3 if applicable] at least 8 weeks after previous dose until a dose is received at age 7 months or older, followed by an additional dose at least 12 weeks later and after age 12 months)
  • Dose 1 at age 7–23 months: 2-dose series (dose 2 at least 12 weeks after dose 1 and after age 12 months)
  • Dose 1 at age 24 months or older: 2-dose series at least 8 weeks apart
• MenQuadfi
  • Dose 1 at age 24 months or older: 2-dose series at least 8 weeks apart

Travel to countries with hyperendemic or epidemic meningococcal disease, including countries in the African meningitis belt or during the Hajj(https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel):

• Children younger than age 24 months:
  • Menveo* (age 2-23 months)
    • Dose 1 at age 2 months: 4-dose series (additional 3 doses at age 4, 6, and 12 months)
    • Dose 1 at age 3–6 months: 3- or 4-dose series (dose 2 [and dose 3 if applicable] at least 8 weeks after previous dose until a dose is received at age 7 months or older, followed by an additional dose at least 12 weeks later and after age 12 months)
    • Dose 1 at age 7–23 months: 2-dose series (dose 2 at least 12 weeks after dose 1 and after age 12 months)

Children age 2 years or older: 1 dose Menveo* or MenQuadfi

First-year college students who live in residential housing (if not previously vaccinated at age 16 years or older) or military recruits:

• 1 dose Menveo* or MenQuadfi

Adolescent vaccination of children who received MenACWY prior to age 10 years:

• Children for whom boosters are recommended because of an ongoing increased risk of meningococcal disease (e.g., those with complement component deficiency, HIV, or asplenia): Follow the booster schedule for persons at increased risk.
• Children for whom boosters are not recommended (e.g., a healthy child who received a single dose for travel to a country where meningococcal disease is endemic): Administer MenACWY according to the recommended adolescent schedule with dose 1 at age 11–12 years and dose 2 at age 16 years.

*Menveo has two formulations: lyophilized and liquid. The liquid formulation should not be used before age 10 years. See www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mening/downloads/menveo-single-vial-presentation.pdf.

Note: For MenACWY booster dose recommendations for groups listed under “Special situations” and in an outbreak setting and additional meningococcal vaccination information, see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/rr/rr6909a1.htm

Children age 10 years or older may receive a single dose of Penbraya (MenACWY-TT/MenB-FHbp) or Penmenvy (MenACWY-CRM/MenB-4C) as an alternative to separate administration of MenACWY and MenB when both vaccines would be given on the same clinic day (see “Meningococcal serogroup B vaccination” section below for more information).

Minimum age: 0 years [MenB-4C, Bexsero; MenB-FHbp, Trumenba; MenACWY-TT/MenB-FHbp, Penbraya; MenACWY-CRM/MenB-4C, Penmenvy]

Shared clinical decision-making

Adolescents not at increased risk age 16–23 years (preferred age 16–18 years)* based on shared clinical decision-making

• Bexsero or Trumenba (use same brand for all doses): 2-dose series at least 6 months apart (if dose 2 is administered earlier than 6 months, administer dose 3 at least 4 months after dose 2)
• To optimize rapid protection (e.g., for students starting college in less than 6 months), a 3-dose series (0, 1–2, 6 months) may be administered.

For additional information on shared clinical decision-making for MenB, see www.cdc.gov/vaccines/media/pdfs/2025/03/2024-isd-job-aid-scdm-menb-508-remediated.pdf.

Special situations

Anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), persistent complement component deficiency, complement inhibitor (e.g., eculizumab, ravulizumab) use:

• Bexsero or Trumenba (use same brand for all doses including booster doses): 3-dose series at 0, 1–2, 6 months (if dose 2 was administered at least 6 months after dose 1, dose 3 not needed; if dose 3 is administered earlier than 4 months after dose 2, a 4th dose should be administered at least 4 months after dose 3)

For MenB booster dose recommendations for groups listed under “Special situations” and in an outbreak setting and additional meningococcal vaccination information, see http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/rr/rr6909a1.htm

Note: MenB vaccines may be administered simultaneously with MenACWY vaccines if indicated, but at a different anatomic site, if feasible.

Children age 10 years or older may receive a dose of Penbraya (MenACWY-TT/MenB-FHbp) or Penmenvy (MenACWY-CRM/MenB-4C) as an alternative to separate administration of MenACWY and MenB when both vaccines would be given on the same clinic day. MenB-containing meningococcal vaccine products from different manufacturers are not interchangeable. Use the same type of MenB-containing vaccine for all doses including booster doses.

• For age-eligible children not at increased risk:
  • If Penbraya is used for dose 1, then MenB-FHbp (Trumenba) should be administered for dose 2 MenB.
  • If Penmenvy is used for dose 1, then MenB-4C (Bexsero) should be administered for dose 2 MenB.
• For age-eligible children at increased risk:
  • Penbraya or Penmenvy may be used for additional MenACWY and MenB doses (including booster doses) if both vaccines would be given on the same clinic day and if separated by at least 6 months from previous dose.

Penbraya and Penmenvy are not interchangeable. Use the same type of MenB-containing vaccine for all doses including booster doses:

• If previously vaccinated with Trumenba or Penbraya, use Trumenba or Penbraya for subsequent doses.
• If previously vaccinated with Bexsero or Penmenvy, use Bexsero or Penmenvy for subsequent doses.

Minimum age: 18 years [Jynneos]

Special situations

• Age 18 years and at riskfor mpox infection: 2-dose series, 28 days apart.

Risk factors for mpox infection include:

• Persons who are gay, bisexual, or other MSM; transgender; or nonbinary who in the past 6 months have had:
  • At least 1 sexually transmitted disease
  • More than 1 sex partner
  • Sex at a commercial sex venue
  • Sex in association with a large public event in a geographic area where mpox transmission is occurring
• Pregnancy: There is currently no ACIP recommendation for Jynneos use in pregnancy due to lack of safety data in pregnant persons. Pregnant persons with any risk factor described above may receive Jynneos.

For detailed information, see: www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/hcp/vaccine-considerations

Minimum age:

• 6 weeks [PCV15], [PCV 20]
• 2 years [PPSV23])

Routine vaccination

4-dose series at 2, 4, 6, 12-15 months

Catch-up vaccination

• Healthy children ages 2-4 years with any incomplete* PCV series: 1 dose PCV
• For other catch-up guidance, see Table 2.

Note: For children without risk conditions, PCV20 is not indicated if they have received 4 doses of PCV13 or PCV15 or another age appropriate complete PCV series.

Special situations

Children and adolescents with cerebrospinal fluid leak; chronic heart disease; chronic kidney disease (excluding maintenance dialysis and nephrotic syndrome); chronic liver disease; chronic lung disease (including moderate persistent or severe persistent asthma); cochlear implant; or diabetes mellitus:

Age 2-5 years

• Any incomplete* PCV series with:
  • 3 PCV doses: 1 dose PCV (at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV dose)
  • Less than 3 PCV doses: 2 doses PCV (at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose and administered at least 8 weeks apart)
• Completed recommended PCV series but have not received PPSV23
  • Previously received at least 1 dose of PCV20: no further PCV or PPSV23 doses needed
  • Not previously received PCV20: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV dose.

Age 6–18 years

• Not previously received any dose of PCV13, PCV15, or PCV20: administer 1 dose of PCV15 or PCV20. If PCV15 is used and no previous receipt of PPSV23, administer 1 dose of PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the PCV15 dose.**
• Received PCV before age 6 years but have not received PPSV23
  • Previously received at least 1 dose of PCV20: no further PCV or PPSV23 doses needed
  • Not previously received PCV20: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV dose.
• Received PCV13 only at or after age 6 years: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV13 dose
• Received 1 dose PCV13 and 1 dose PPSV23 at or after age 6 years: no further doses of any PCV or PPSV23 indicated.

Children and adolescents on maintenance dialysis, or with immunocompromising conditions such as nephrotic syndrome; congenital or acquired asplenia or splenic dysfunction; congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies; diseases and conditions treated with immunosuppressive drugs or radiation therapy, including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, and solid organ transplant; HIV infection; or sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies:

Age 2–5 years

• Any incomplete* PCV series:
  • 3 PCV doses: 1 dose PCV (at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV dose)
  • Less than 3 PCV doses: 2 doses PCV (at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose and administered at least 8 weeks apart)
• Completed recommended PCV series but have not received PPSV23
  • Previously received at least 1 dose of PCV20: no further PCV or PPSV23 doses needed
  • Not previously received PCV20: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV dose. If PPSV23 is used, administer 1 dose of PCV20 or dose 2 PPSV23 at least 5 years after dose 1 PPSV23.

Age 6–18 years

• Not previously received any dose of PCV13, PCV15, or PCV20: administer 1 dose of PCV15 or 1 dose of PCV20. If PCV15 is used and no previous receipt of PPSV23, administer 1 dose of PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the PCV15 dose.**
• Received PCV before age 6 years but have not received PPSV23
  • Previously received at least 1 dose of PCV20: no additional dose of PCV or PPSV23
  • Not previously received PCV20: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV dose. If PPSV23 is used, administer either PCV20 or dose 2 PPSV23 at least 5 years after dose 1 PPSV23.
• Received PCV13 only at or after age 6 years: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV13 dose. If PPSV23 is used, administer 1 dose of PCV20 or dose 2 PPSV23 at least 5 years after dose 1 PPSV23.
• Received 1 dose PCV13 and 1 dose PPSV23 at or after age 6 years: administer 1 dose PCV20 OR 1 dose PPSV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent PCV13 dose and at least 5 years after dose 1 PPSV23.
• Pregnancy: no recommendation for PCV or PPSV23 due to limited data. Summary of existing data on pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy can be found at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/rr/rr7203a1.htm

For guidance on determining which pneumococcal vaccines a patient needs and when, please refer to the mobile app, which can be downloaded here: PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app for vaccine providers.

*Incomplete series=Not having received all doses in either the recommended series or an age-appropriate catch-up series. See Table 2 in ACIP pneumococcal recommendations at CDC stacks.

**When both PCV15 and PPSV23 are indicated, administer all doses of PCV15 first. PCV15 and PPSV23 should not be administered during the same visit.

Minimum age: 6 weeks

Routine vaccination

• 4-dose series at ages 2, 4, 6-18 months, 4-6 years; administer the final dose on or after age 4 years and at least 6 months after the previous dose.
• 4 or more doses of IPV can be administered before age 4 years when a combination vaccine containing IPV is used. However, a dose is still recommended on or after age 4 years and at least 6 months after the previous dose.

Catch-up vaccination

In the first 6 months of life, use minimum ages and intervals only for travel to a polio-endemic region or during an outbreak.

Adolescents age 18 years known or suspected to be unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated: administer remaining doses (1, 2, or 3 IPV doses) to complete a 3-dose primary series.* Unless there are specific reasons to believe they were not vaccinated, most persons aged 18 years or older born and raised in the United States can assume they were vaccinated against polio as children.

Series containing oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), either mixed OPV-IPV or OPV-only series:

• Total number of doses needed to complete the series is the same as that recommended for the U.S. IPV schedule. See http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6601a6.htm?s_%20cid=mm6601a6_w.
• Only trivalent OPV (tOPV) counts toward the U.S. vaccination requirements.
• Doses of OPV administered before April 1, 2016, should be counted (unless specifically noted as administered during a campaign).
• Doses of OPV administered on or after April 1, 2016, should not be counted.
• For guidance to assess doses documented as “OPV,” see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6606a7.htm?s_cid=mm6606a7_w.
  • For other catch-up guidance, see Table 2.

Special situations

Adolescents aged 18 years at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus and completed primary series*: may administer one lifetime IPV booster

*Note: Complete primary series consists of at least 3 doses of IPV or trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) in any combination.

For detailed information, see www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/recommendations.html.

Minimum age: birth (monoclonal antibody) [nirsevimab, Beyfortus; clesrovimab, Enflonsia]

Routine immunization

• Infants <8 months of age born during or entering their first RSV season* if:
  • Pregnant parent did not receive RSV vaccine during this pregnancy,
  • Pregnant parent’s RSV vaccine status is unknown, OR
  • Infant was born <14 days after the pregnant parent’s RSV vaccination

Born during RSV season*: Administer 1 dose clesrovimab or nirsevimab within 1 week of birth, ideally during the birth hospitalization.

Born outside of RSV season*: Administer 1 dose clesrovimab or nirsevimab shortly before or during the RSV season.

If pregnant parent received RSV vaccine ≥14 days prior to delivery: Clesrovimab/nirsevimab not needed but can be considered in rare circumstances at the discretion of health care providers. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-073923.

Eligible infants with prolonged birth hospitalization (e.g., for prematurity) discharged October through March* should be immunized shortly before or promptly after discharge

Age-eligible and undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: 1 additional dose of nirsevimab or clesrovimab after surgery. See https://products.sanofi.us/beyfortus/beyfortus.pdf and https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/e/enflonsia/enflonsia_pi.pdf.

Special situations

• Age 8–19 months of age at high risk of severe RSV disease and entering their second RSV season, regardless of the RSV vaccination status of the pregnant parent or the child’s prior receipt of nirsevimab or clesrovimab when <8 months of age in their first RSV season: Administer 1 dose nirsevimab shortly before start of second RSV season.* High-risk criteria include the following:
  • Children with chronic lung disease of prematurity who required medical support (chronic corticosteroid therapy, diuretic therapy, supplemental oxygen) at any time during the 6-month period before the start of the second RSV season
  • Children with severe immunocompromise
  • Children with cystic fibrosis who have either manifestations of severe lung disease (previous hospitalization for pulmonary exacerbation in the first year of life or abnormalities on chest imaging that persist when stable) or weight-for-length that is less than the 10th percentile
  • American Indian or Alaska Native children. American Indian and Alaska Native children are included in the high-risk category because they experience significantly higher rates of severe RSV disease and hospitalization associated with social drivers of health, with children living in rural and reservation communities most impacted.

*Note: While the timing of the onset and duration of RSV season may vary, RSV immunization may be administered from October through the end of March in most of the continental United States. The timing of the onset, peak, and decline of RSV activity vary geographically, and providers may adjust timing of administration based on guidance from public health authorities.

For further guidance, see https://publications.aap.org/redbook/book/755/chapter/14080939/Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus and AAFP.org/rsv.

Routine vaccination

• Pregnant at 32 weeks 0 days through 36 weeks and 6 days gestation from September through January in most of the continental United States*: 1 dose Abrysvo. Administer RSV vaccine regardless of previous RSV infection.
  • Either maternal RSV vaccination with Abrysvo or infant immunization with nirsevimab or clesrovimab (RSV monoclonal antibody) is recommended to prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants.
• All other pregnant persons: RSV vaccine not recommended
• Subsequent pregnancies: Additional doses not recommended. No data are available to inform whether additional doses are needed in subsequent pregnancies. Infants born to pregnant persons who received RSV vaccine during a previous pregnancy should receive nirsevimab or clesrovimab.

*Note: Providers in jurisdictions with RSV seasonality that differs from most of the continental United States (e.g., Alaska, jurisdictions with tropical climate) should follow guidance from public health authorities (e.g., CDC, health departments) or regional medical centers on timing of administration based on local RSV seasonality.

Minimum age: 6 weeks

Routine vaccination

• Rotarix: 2-dose series at age 2 and 4 months
• RotaTeq: 3-dose series at age 2, 4, and 6 months
• If any dose in the series is either RotaTeq or unknown, default to 3-dose series.

Catch-up vaccination

• Do not start the series on or after age 15 weeks, 0 days.
• The maximum age for the final dose is 8 months, 0 days.
• For other catch-up guidance, see Table 2.

Minimum age: 11 years for routine vaccination, 7 years for catch-up vaccination

Routine vaccination

• Age 11–12 years: 1 dose Tdap (adolescent booster)
• Pregnancy: 1 dose Tdap during each pregnancy, preferably in early part of gestational weeks 27–36

Note: Tdap may be administered regardless of the interval since the last tetanus- and diphtheria-toxoid-containing vaccine.

Catch-up vaccination

• Age 13–18 years who have not received Tdap: 1 dose Tdap (adolescent booster)
• Age 7–18 years not fully vaccinated* with DTaP: 1 dose Tdap as part of the catch-up series (preferably the first dose); if additional doses are needed, use Td or Tdap.
• Tdap administered at age 7–10 years:
  • Age 7–9 years who receive Tdap should receive the adolescent Tdap booster dose at age 11–12 years.
  • Age 10 years who receive Tdap do not need the adolescent Tdap booster dose at age 11–12 years.
• DTaP inadvertently administered on or after age 7 years:
  • Age 7–9 years: DTaP may count as part of catch-up series. Administer adolescent Tdap booster dose at age 11–12 years.
  • Age 10–18 years: Count dose of DTaP as the adolescent Tdap booster dose.
• For other catch-up guidance, see Table 2.

Special situations

Wound management in persons age 7 years or older with history of 3 or more doses of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine: For clean and minor wounds, administer Tdap or Td if more than 10 years since last dose of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine; for all other wounds, administer Tdap or Td if more than 5 years since last dose of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine. Tdap is preferred for persons age 11 years or older who have not previously received Tdap or whose Tdap history is unknown. If a tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine is indicated for a pregnant adolescent, use Tdap.

• For detailed information, see www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6903a5.htm.

*Fully vaccinated = 5 valid doses of DTaP OR 4 valid doses of DTaP if dose 4 was administered at age 4 years or older

Minimum age: 12 months

Routine vaccination

• 2-dose series at age 12-15 months, 4-6 years
• VAR or MMRV may be administered.*
• Dose 2 may be administered as early as 3 months after dose 1 (a dose inadvertently administered after at least 4 weeks may be counted as valid).

*Note: For dose 1 in children age 12-47 months, it is recommended to administer MMR and varicella vaccines separately. MMRV may be used if parents or caregivers express a preference.

Catch-up vaccination

• Ensure persons age 7–18 years without evidence of immunity (see MMWR at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr5604.pdf) have a 2-dose series:
  • Age 7–12 years: Routine interval: 3 months (a dose inadvertently administered after at least 4 weeks may be counted as valid)
  • Age 13 years and older: Routine interval: 4–8 weeks (minimum interval: 4 weeks)
  • The maximum age for use of MMRV is 12 years.